Path to Parity: Trends in Female Representation Among Physicians, Trainees, and Applicants in Urology and Surgical Specialties

Findlay, Bridget L.; Bearrick, Elizabeth; Granberg, Candace F.; Koo, Kevin

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2022.11.033

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…THE ROLE OF GENDER IN CAREER SATISFACTION study; however, today this field is female dominated, with nearly 60% of obstetrics/gynecology surgeons being women (Findlay et al, 2023). Moreover, a recent survey that compared the numbers of women from 2007 and 2019 in several surgical specialties found that in general surgery, the number of women increased from 14% in 2007 to 22% in 2019.…”

Section: Challenges Of Family Life and The Reality Of Highly Speciali...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of gender in career satisfaction for female surgeons.

Granek,

Barron,

Kulkarni

et al. 2024

Qualitative Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite working many hours under stressful conditions, surgeons report high levels of career satisfaction. However, female surgeons report lower career satisfaction and are underrepresented in some surgical fields. The goal of this analysis was to explore how gender influences career satisfaction for pediatric surgeons working in male-dominated subspecialties using a qualitative approach to inquiry. The grounded theory method of data collection and analysis was used. Forty-two surgeons from nine countries were interviewed using teleconferencing technology about how gender influences their career satisfaction using a semistructured interview guide. Transcripts were coded line by line, and codes and categories were created using an inductive approach to inquiry. All surgeons in this study described their careers as satisfying; however, a paradoxical tension emerged whereby female surgeons reported that they experienced no gender bias while simultaneously reporting clear instances of discrimination. All surgeons reported biases against women including instances of sexism, gender-based discrimination (i.e., unwillingness to hire women, encouragement to leave the profession, etc.), unequal distribution of labor for parenting/domestic work for women, and a lack of adequate accommodations and policies for pregnancy, birthing, and breastfeeding. The qualitative methodology used in this study revealed deep complexities of the experiences of female surgeons and the ways in which these experiences contribute to or detract from career satisfaction for female surgeons. Implications of our findings are discussed, and several feminist and psychological theoretical frameworks in which to understand the processes and complexities of career satisfaction for female surgeons are presented in the discussion.

show abstract

Section: Challenges Of Family Life and The Reality Of Highly Speciali...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of gender in career satisfaction for female surgeons.

Granek,

Barron,

Kulkarni

et al. 2024

Qualitative Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Compared with other historically male‐dominated surgical specialties (e.g. urology and neurosurgery), orthopaedic surgery has seen the slowest increase in gender diversity [3]. Even with recent efforts to address this disparity, the rate of growth in the proportion of females who comprise orthopaedic applicants, residents, and practicing surgeons remains <0.50% in the US annually [3, 4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Perceived Barriers to Women Entering and Advancing in Orthopaedic Surgery in the US and Beyond

Xu,

Humbyrd,

De Mattos

et al. 2023

World j. surg.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Global perceptions of barriers to women in orthopaedics have not been assessed. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of international barriers to women entering and advancing within orthopaedic surgery. Methods An anonymous, online survey was distributed to women medical students, trainees, and practicing surgeons via Women in Orthopaedics Worldwide, the ''Women in Ortho'' Facebook page, and individual programmes.Participants were asked to rate perceived barriers to (1) pursuing training and (2) career advancement on a scale of 1-5, with 5 being the most important and relative to other barriers. Descriptive statistics and univariate analyses were employed. ResultsThe survey yielded 237 US (84.0%) and 45 international (16.0%) respondents. Per entering orthopaedic surgery, the most important barriers were male-dominated culture, lack of a strong women mentor, and lack of female representation at home institution. Compared with the US surgeons/trainees, international respondents cited greater societal disapproval (2.8 ± 1.2 vs. 3.4 ± 1.3, P = 0.01). Medical students assigned less importance to lack of exposure, more to lack of resources for creating competitive applications (P \ 0.05). Regarding career advancement, lack of women leadership, family responsibilities, and gender-biased selection for promotion were the most important. International surgeons/trainees noted greater concern for societal disapproval (3.5 ± 1.5 vs. 2.6 ± 1.3, P = 0.003) and were more likely to rank sexual harassment in their top three (17.6 vs. 4.2%, P = 0.02). Conclusion While notable differences exist, there is striking similarity across countries and position levels in perceived barriers to women entering and advancing in orthopaedic surgery. Level of evidence: III.

show abstract

“…2,3 In fact, in the last 5 years, the proportion of women in urology residencies has increased by 33%. 4 Given these changes at the trainee level, projection models predict that the proportion of women in the urological workforce will experience impressive growth over the next 40 years. 5…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Gender Differences in H-index Within Urological Subspecialties

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose:Previous work in urology has shown that men have higher h-indices than women. However, the degree to which h-indices vary by gender within urological subspecialties has not been well defined. Herein, we assess gender differences in h-index among different subspecialties.Materials and Methods:Demographics were recorded for academic urologists using residency program websites as of July 2021. Scopus was queried to identify h-indices. Gender differences in h-index were estimated from a linear mixed-effects regression model with fixed effects for gender, urological subspecialty, MD/PhD status, years since first publication, interactions of subspecialty with years since first publication, and interactions of subspecialty with gender and random effects for AUA section and institution nested within AUA section. The Holm method was used to adjust for multiplicity (7 hypothesis tests).Results:Of 1,694 academic urologists from 137 institutions, 308 were women (18%). Median years since first publication was 20 for men (IQR 13, 29) and 13 for women (IQR 8, 17). Among all academic urologists, the median h-index was 8 points higher for men (15 [IQR 7, 27]) vs women (7 [IQR 5, 12]). There was no significant gender difference in h-index for any of the subspecialties after adjusting for urologist experience and after applying the Holm method for multiplicity correction.Conclusions:We were unable to demonstrate a gender difference in h-index after adjusting for urologist experience for any urological subspecialties. Future study is warranted as women become more senior members of the urological workforce.

show abstract

Path to Parity: Trends in Female Representation Among Physicians, Trainees, and Applicants in Urology and Surgical Specialties

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

The role of gender in career satisfaction for female surgeons.

The role of gender in career satisfaction for female surgeons.

The Importance of Perceived Barriers to Women Entering and Advancing in Orthopaedic Surgery in the US and Beyond

Characterization of Gender Differences in H-index Within Urological Subspecialties

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About