“…Many applications, especially in mechanical engineering and in numerical analysis (see Gózalez-López and Recio, 1993;Liska and Steinberg, 1993;Jirstrand, 1997), lead to QE problems with trigonometric functions involved. The general first-order theory of the real numbers with sine and cosine is undecidable: since the zeros of the sine function are precisely the integral multiples of π, one can find Diophantine arithmetic within it, which is undecidable (see also Tarski, 1951).…”