Pathogen effects on milk yield and composition in chronic subclinical mastitis in dairy cows

Gonçalves, Juliano Leonel; Kamphuis, C.; Vernooij, Hans; Araújo, João Pessoa; Grenfell, Rafaella C.; Juliano, Luiz; Anderson, Kevin L.; Hogeveen, H.; Santos, Marcos Veiga dos

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105473

Cited by 46 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Staphylococcus aureus can be detected in milk due to contamination while milking or may originate from the milk obtained from cows affected by subclinical mastitis cases caused by S. aureus or due to post harvest contamination [ 3 – 6 ]. Subclinical mastitis caused by S. aureus and other pathogens was shown to seriously impact yield and composition of milk from dairy cows [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk and Traditionally Processed Dairy Products in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Lemma¹,

Alemayehu

Stringer

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Staphylococcus aureus is a contagious pathogen that can cause various diseases in both humans and animals. Antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus is becoming an extremely important global health problem. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to May 2020 to assess the occurrence of S. aureus and its antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in milk and traditionally processed dairy products in selected subcities of Addis Ababa. A total of 255 dairy product samples (175 raw milk and 80 traditionally processed dairy products) were collected from farms and retail markets. Samples were cultured for S. aureus according to standard microbiology techniques, and the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method was used to assess antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates to a panel of 12 antimicrobials. Susceptibility to methicillin was determined based on the sensitivity of isolates to cefoxitin, and resistant isolates were investigated for the presence of mecA and mecC genes using PCR. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 43 (24.6%) of milk, 7 (17.5%) of yogurt, and 2 (5%) of cottage cheese. A significantly higher rate of contamination with S. aureus was recorded among milk samples compared to yogurt and cottage cheese ( p = 0.019 ). Out of 52 S. aureus isolates investigated for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials, 49 (94.2%) of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and 42 (80.8%) to amoxicillin+clavulanic acid. Twenty (38.5%) of the isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) based on susceptibility to cefoxitin. However, only one of these isolates (5%) was positive for mecA gene, and none of them were positive for the mecC gene. There was no significant difference ( p > 0.05 ) in the rate of occurrence of MRSA among isolates from different sources. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a significant level of contamination of milk and dairy products with S. aureus and most isolates were multidrug resistant. The occurrence of MRSA in raw milk and dairy products signifies a serious public health threat as the practice of consuming raw dairy products in the study area is widespread. The lack of agreement between phenotypic and genotypic detection of MRSA suggests the need for further study to identify the genetic basis for the observed resistance phenotype.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk and Traditionally Processed Dairy Products in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Lemma¹,

Alemayehu

Stringer

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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“…We thereby confirmed the study of Paixão et al (2017) who argued that also the adjacent quarters' health status and milk composition is altered by mastitis, although with a lower severity. In the casecontrol studies conducted by Gonçalves (2018Gonçalves ( , 2020, the causative pathogen was found to strongly affect the ratio of quarter milk yields, next to the overall milk yield, in cows with subclinical mastitis. For example, they reported daily milk losses between 0.8 and 1.3 kg per quarter (both infected and non-infected), corresponding well to the results of our study.…”

Section: Milk Losses At Quarter Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk losses linked to udder health treatments at dairy farms with automatic milking systems

Adriaens

Brulle

Aernouts

2021

Preprint

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Milk losses caused by intramammary infections (IMI) have a massive impact on farm profitability and sustainability. In this study, we analyzed milk losses from 4 553 treated IMI cases at 41 AMS dairy farms. Milk losses were estimated based on the difference between the expected and the true production. To estimate the unperturbed lactation curve, we applied an iterative procedure using the Wood model and a variance-dependent threshold on the milk yield residuals. We calculated milk losses both in a fixed window around the first treatment day of each IMI case and in the perturbations corresponding to this day, at cow level as well as at quarter level. In a fixed time window of day -5 to 30 around the first treatment, the absolute median milk losses per case were 101.5 kg, highly dependent on the parity and the lactation stage with absolute milk losses highest in multiparous cows and at peak lactation. Relative milk losses expressed in percentage were highest on the treatment day, and full recovery was often not reached within 30 days from treatment onset. In 62% of the cases, we found a perturbation in milk yield at cow level at the time of treatment. On average, perturbations started 8.7 days before the first treatment and median absolute milk losses increased to 128 kg milk per perturbation. Mastitis is not expected to have equal effects on the four quarters so this study additionally investigated losses in the individual udder quarters. We used a data-based method leveraging milk yield and electrical conductivity to project the presumably infected quarter and compared losses with the average of presumably non-infected quarters. Median absolute losses in a fixed 36-day window around treatment varied between 50.2 kg for front and 59.3 kg for hind infected quarters compared to respectively 24.7 and 26.3 kg for the median losses in the non-infected quarters. Also here, these losses depended on lactation stage and parity. Expressed proportionally to expected yield, the relative median milk losses in infected quarters on the treatment day were 20% higher in infected quarters with a higher variability and slower recovery. In 86% of the treated IMI cases, at least one perturbation was found at the quarter level. This analysis confirms the high impact of IMI on milk production, and the large variation between quarter losses illustrates the potential of quarter analysis for on-farm monitoring at farms with an automated milking system.HighlightsMilk losses were estimated for treated cases of intramammary infectionsMilk losses were highly variable across cases with a median of 101 kgWe found large differences between infected and non-infected quartersQuantification of milk losses can be the basis for better udder health management

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“…The level of SCC can aid diagnosis of inflammation caused by IMI [5]. Generally, mammary quarters are considered healthy if three repeated SCC results were ≤200 000 cells ml −1 and no bacterial growth was detected on bacterial culture [6]. Bovine mastitis is one of the most common and serious diseases in the dairy farming industry; not only does it lead to a decline in milk production and milk quality, but it also increases the elimination and mortality rate of cows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PacBio sequencing revealed variation in the microbiota diversity, species richness and composition between milk collected from healthy and mastitis cows

Shen

Wen

et al. 2021

Microbiology

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Mastitis is the economically most important disease of dairy cows. This study used PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing technology to sequence the full-length 16S rRNAs from 27 milk samples (18 from mastitis and nine from healthy cows; the cows were at different stages of lactation). We observed that healthy or late stage milk microbiota had significantly higher microbial diversity and richness. The community composition of the microbiota of different groups also varied greatly. The healthy cow milk microbiota was predominantly comprised of Lactococcus lactis , Acinetobacter johnsonii , and Bacteroides dorei , while the milk from mastitis cows was predominantly comprised of Bacillus cereus . The prevalence of L. lactis and B. cereus in the milk samples was confirmed by digital droplets PCR. Differences in the milk microbiota diversity and composition could suggest an important role for some these microbes in protecting the host from mastitis while others associated with mastitis. The results of our research serve as useful references for designing strategies to prevent and treat mastitis.

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Pathogen effects on milk yield and composition in chronic subclinical mastitis in dairy cows

Cited by 46 publications

References 29 publications

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk and Traditionally Processed Dairy Products in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk and Traditionally Processed Dairy Products in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Milk losses linked to udder health treatments at dairy farms with automatic milking systems

PacBio sequencing revealed variation in the microbiota diversity, species richness and composition between milk collected from healthy and mastitis cows

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