Pathogen-induced systemic activation of a plant defensin gene in Arabidopsis follows a salicylic acid-independent pathway.

Penninckx, Iris A. M. A.; Eggermont, Kristel; Terras, Franky R. G.; Thomma, B.P.H.J.; Samblanx, Genoveva W. De; Buchala, Antony; Métraux, Jean Pierre; Manners, John M.; Broekaert, Willem F.

doi:10.1105/tpc.8.12.2309

Cited by 844 publications

(744 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…One of the Arabidopsis target genes, At-ATG5, has already been demonstrated to participate in plant defense against B. cinerea. 24 In addition, we confirmed that 3 additional Arabidopsis genes, At-WRKY7, At-FEI2, and At-PMR6, are involved in the plant defense responses against B. cinerea.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Botrytis small RNA Bc-siR37 suppresses plant defense genes by cross-kingdom RNAi

et al. 2017

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Pathogens secrete effector proteins to suppress host immune responses. Recently, we showed that an aggressive plant fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea can also deliver small RNA effectors into host cells to suppress host immunity. B. cinerea sRNAs (Bc-sRNAs) translocate into host plants and hijack the plant RNAi machinery to induce cross-kingdom RNAi of host immune responsive genes. Here, we functionally characterized another Bc-sRNA effector Bc-siR37 that is predicted to target at least 15 Arabidopsis genes, including WRKY transcription factors, receptor-like kinases, and cell wall-modifying enzymes. Upon B. cinerea infection, the expression level of Bc-siR37 was induced, and at least eight predicted Arabidopsis target genes were downregulated. These target genes were also suppressed in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing Bc-siR37, which exhibited enhanced disease susceptibility to B. cinerea. Furthermore, the knockout mutants of the Bc-siR37 targets, At-WRKY7, At-PMR6, and At-FEI2, also exhibited enhanced disease susceptibility to B. cinerea, giving further support that these genes indeed play a positive role in plant defense against B. cinerea. Our study demonstrates that analysis of pathogen sRNA effectors can be a useful tool to help identify host immunity genes against the corresponding pathogen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Botrytis small RNA Bc-siR37 suppresses plant defense genes by cross-kingdom RNAi

et al. 2017

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“…Perturbations in SA-dependent signaling have been reported to affect jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent signaling, including the expression of PDF1.2 (Clarke et al, 1998;Dewdney et al, 2000;Gupta et al, 2000;Penninckx et al, 1996;Penninckx et al, 1998;Rao et al, 2000). We found enormous genotype-speci®c variation in PDF1.2 mRNA levels ( Figure 6c).…”

Section: Analysis Of Defense Gene Expression In Double Mutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutive salicylic acid‐dependent signaling in cpr1 and cpr6 mutants requires PAD4

Jirage¹,

Zhou²,

Cooper³

et al. 2001

The Plant Journal

127

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SummarySalicylic acid (SA)-dependent signaling controls activation of a set of plant defense mechanisms that are important for resistance to a variety of microbial pathogens. Many Arabidopsis mutants that display altered SA-dependent signaling have been isolated. We used double mutant analysis to determine the relative positions of the pad4, cpr1, cpr5, cpr6, dnd1 and dnd2 mutations in the signal transduction network leading to SA-dependent activation of defense gene expression and disease resistance. The pad4 mutation causes failure of SA accumulation in response to infection by certain pathogens, while the other mutations cause constitutively high levels of SA, defense gene expression and resistance. The cpr1 pad4, cpr5 pad4, cpr6 pad4, dnd1 pad4 and dnd2 pad4 double mutants were constructed and assayed for stature, presence of spontaneous lesions, resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and Peronospora parasitica, SA levels, expression of PAD4, PR-1 and PDF1.2, and accumulation of camalexin. We found that the effects of the cpr1 and cpr6 mutations on SA-dependent gene expression are completely dependent on PAD4 function. In contrast, SA accumulation in the lesion-mimic mutant cpr5 is partially PAD4-independent, while in dnd1 and dnd2 mutants it is completely PAD4-independent. A model describing a possible arrangement of activities in the signal transduction network is presented.

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“…JA-and ethylene-mediated signaling pathways are distinct from the classic SA-mediated SAR pathways [15]. For example, induced systemic resistance (ISR), which is triggered by nonpathogenic root-colonizing bacteria, is JA and ethylene dependent [16,17] and is independent of SA and PR-gene activation [18,19]. The JA response mutant jar1 and the ethylene response mutant etr1 lose ISR upon treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS417r, but remain normal level of pathogen-induced SAR [20,21], indicating that JA and ethylene responses are critical for the ISR-signaling pathway [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OsWRKY03, a rice transcriptional activator that functions in defense signaling pathway upstream of OsNPR1

et al. 2005

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WRKY family proteins are a class of plant specific transcription factors that involve in many stress response pathways. It has been shown that one Arabidopsis WRKY protein, AtWRKY29/22, is activated by MAP kinase signaling cascade and confers resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens. However, little is known about the biological roles of WRKY proteins in rice. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of rice AtWRKY29/22 homolog, OsWRKY03, under different conditions, and also its possible role involved in plant defense. Our results showed that OsWRKY03 was up-regulated by several defense signaling molecules or different treatments. Further analysis revealed that the expression of OsWRKY03 was light dependent. Transcriptional activation activity of OsWRKY03 was also demonstrated by yeast functional assay. Transient expression of OsWRKY03-GFP fusion protein in onion epidermis cells showed that OsWRKY03 was a nuclear localized protein. OsNPR1 as well as several other pathogenesis-related genes, such as OsPR1b, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (ZB8) and peroxidase (POX22.3), were induced in OsWRKY03-overexpressing transgenic plants. These results indicated that OsWRKY03 is located upstream of OsNPR1 as a transcriptional activator in salicylic acid (SA)-dependent or jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defense signaling cascades.

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Pathogen-induced systemic activation of a plant defensin gene in Arabidopsis follows a salicylic acid-independent pathway.

Cited by 844 publications

References 63 publications

Botrytis small RNA Bc-siR37 suppresses plant defense genes by cross-kingdom RNAi

Botrytis small RNA Bc-siR37 suppresses plant defense genes by cross-kingdom RNAi

Constitutive salicylic acid‐dependent signaling in cpr1 and cpr6 mutants requires PAD4

OsWRKY03, a rice transcriptional activator that functions in defense signaling pathway upstream of OsNPR1

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