Pathogen Receptor Membrane-Coating Facet Structures Boost Nanomaterial Immune Escape and Antibacterial Performance

Abstract

Nanomaterials show great potential for the treatment of bacterial infections, but their effects remain limited by low antibacterial efficiency and immune clearance. Facet-dependent nanozymes coated with pathogen receptor membranes were fabricated, providing an approach for producing superphotothermal antibacterial nanomaterials with high biocompatibility and low immune clearance. (100)- and (112)-Faceted CuFeSe2 presented excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (46%). However, the peroxidase-like activity of (100)-faceted CuFeSe2 enhanced the decomposition of H2O2 to hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and was markedly greater than that of (112)-faceted CuFeSe2, with nearly 100% of Staphylococcus aureus being killed under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Importantly, bacteria-pretreated immune membranes (i.e., pathogen receptor membranes) coated with CuFeSe2 exhibited superior S. aureus-binding ability, presented obvious immune-evading capability, and resulted in targeted delivery to infected sites. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, these findings hold promise for the use of pathogen receptor membrane-coated facet-dependent nanomaterials in clinical applications and the treatment of bacterial infections.

Persistent Luminescence‐Based Theranostics for Real‐Time Monitoring and Simultaneously Launching Photodynamic Therapy of Bacterial Infections

“…Briefly, Si-Pc (27.8 mg, 45 µmol), PEG (100 mg, 50 µmol), and NaH (5 mg) were refluxed in anhydrous toluene (40 mL) under an argon atmosphere for 24 h. After rotary evaporation of toluene, the residue was dispersed in methanol and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to collect HO-PEG-Pc. 1 H NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AM 400 apparatus, using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as the internal reference. Yield: 47%.…”

“…Yield: 62%. 1 H NMR (CDCl 3 ): δ 3.44-3.69 (CH 2 CH 2 O), 3.71 (OSiCH 2 CH 2 ), 3.81 (OCH 2 COOH), 8.32, and 9.61 (Si-Pc proton) (Figure 1e).…”

“…Untreated S. aureus had a spherical structure with a smooth surface, and P. aeruginosa exhibited smooth rod-like morphology. The surface of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa showed obvious wrinkles and damages after mPL@Pc-Cy treatment, resulting from the produced 1 O 2 , which could destruct cell membranes and bacterial walls. [17] In short, the mPL@Pc-Cy/light showed high sensitivity to bacterial infections and strong bactericidal effects.…”

“…Thereinto, bacterial infections have a high contagious probability and severe mortality rates, with more than 700 000 people dying each year from sepsis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and other bacterial diseases. [ 1 ] Wound infection occurs after pathogenic microbes invade the wound site, and the wound provides a nourishing environment for microbial growth. Typically, when the bacterial load in one gram of tissue is over 10 5 colony forming units (CFUs), clinical symptoms such as swelling, suppuration, pain, and tissue damage would arise.…”

Cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles for the treatment of bacterial infection

“…Thus, to further improve the ability of CMCNPs to target bacteria, the researchers stimulated the activation of PAMPs on macrophage membrane with pathogenic bacteria, which were then coated onto AuNPs, and they found that this system could better target bacteria (X. Hou et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2018).…”