Pathogen resistant advantage of endophyte-infected over endophyte-free Leymus chinensis is strengthened by pre-drought treatment

Wang, Xinyu; Qin, Junhua; Chen, Wei; Zhou, Yong; Gao, Yubao

doi:10.1007/s10658-015-0788-3

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…These results indicated that SA/JA might play a critical role in regulating the endophyte-conferred resistance against herbivores. Therefore, studies on this subject about SA/JA involved in pathogen resistance of Epichloë-infected grasses are very limited (Wang et al, 2016;Guo et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic Fungi Activated Similar Defense Strategies of Achnatherum sibiricum Host to Different Trophic Types of Pathogens

et al. 2020

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It is well documented that Epichloë endophytes can enhance the resistance of grasses to herbivory. However, reports on resistance to pathogenic fungi are limited, and their conclusions are variable. In this study, we chose pathogenic fungi with different trophic types, namely, the biotrophic pathogen Erysiphales species and the necrotrophic pathogen Curvularia lunata, to test the effects of Epichloë on the pathogen resistance of Achnatherum sibiricum. The results showed that, compared to Erysiphales species, C. lunata caused a higher degree of damage and lower photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) in endophyte−free (E−) leaves. Endophytes significantly alleviated the damage caused by these two pathogens. The leaf damaged area and Fv/Fm of endophyte−infected (E+) leaves were similar between the two pathogen treatments, indicating that the beneficial effects of endophytes were more significant when hosts were exposed to C. lunata than when they were exposed to Erysiphales species. We found that A. sibiricum initiated jasmonic acid (JA)−related pathways to resist C. lunata but salicylic acid (SA)-related pathways to resist Erysiphales species. Endophytic fungi had no effect on the content of SA but increased the content of JA and total phenolic compounds, which suggest that endophyte infection might enhance the resistance of A. sibiricum to these two different trophic types of pathogens through similar pathways.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic Fungi Activated Similar Defense Strategies of Achnatherum sibiricum Host to Different Trophic Types of Pathogens

et al. 2020

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“…Negative 45 , 46 and neutral 47 , 48 effects have also been reported. In our previous study 44 , we found that endophyte could enhance pathogen resistance of Leymus chinensis , and this endophytic benefit was strengthened by drought treatment. These different reports suggest that the interactions between endophytes and pathogens are complex, and may be affected by species difference as well as environmental factors 31 such as elevated CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In in vitro investigations, White and Cole 33 , Siegel and Latch 34 and Christensen 35 found that Epichloë isolates inhibited the growth of pathogenic fungi, only the antifungal activity of endophytes differed between the isolates. In in planta investigations, the positive effect of endophyte infection on pathogen resistance of the host grass has been observed in tall fescue 36 , 37 , ryegrass 38 – 41 and other native grasses 42 – 44 . Certainly, endophytes do not always improve disease resistance of the host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The advantages of endophyte-infected over uninfected tall fescue in the growth and pathogen resistance are counteracted by elevated CO2

Chen

Liu

Wurihan

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Atmospheric CO2 concentrations are predicted to double within the next century. Despite this trend, the extent and mechanisms through which elevated CO2 affects grass-endophyte symbionts remain uncertain. In the present study, the growth, chemical composition and pathogen resistance of endophyte-infected (E+) and uninfected (E−) tall fescue were compared under elevated CO2 conditions. The results showed that the effect of endophyte infection on the growth of tall fescue was significantly affected by elevated CO2. Significant advantage of E+ over E− tall fescue in tiller number, maximum net photosynthetic rate and shoot biomass occurred only under ambient CO2. With CO2 concentration elevated, the beneficial effect of endophyte infection on the growth disappeared. Similarly, endophyte infection reduced lesion number and spore concentration of Curvularia lunata only under ambient CO2. These results suggest that the beneficial effect of endophyte infection on the growth and pathogen resistance of tall fescue could be counteracted by elevated CO2. An explanation for the counteraction may be found in a change in photosynthesis and nutritive quality of leaf tissue.

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“…Similar protection against fungal pathogens was reported in ryegrass [121], Panicum agrostoides infected by the endophyte Balansia henningsiana [122], timothy infected by an Epichloë sp. endophyte [123], and other native grasses [124]. In some endophyte/grass associations, however, the effects on pathogen resistance were neutral or negative [6,125].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Endophyte-induced Tolerance To Biotic Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epichloë (formerly Neotyphodium) fungal endophytes increase adaptation of cool-season perennial grasses to environmental stresses

Malinowski¹,

Belesky

2019

Acta Agrobot

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Many cool-season grass species have evolved with asexual, nonsymptomatic fungal endophytes of the genus <em>Epichloë</em> (formerly <em>Neotyphodium</em>) of the family Clavicipitaceae. These associations range from parasitic to mutualistic and have dramatic effects on grass host chemistry, increasing resistance to abiotic (drought, soil mineral imbalance) and biotic (vertebrate and invertebrate herbivory, nematodes, plant pathogens, plant competition) stresses. Native endophyte strains produce a range of bioprotective alkaloid and other nonalkaloid secondary compounds, several of them known to have detrimental effects on grazing animals. In the past two decades, epichloid endophyte strains have been selected with marginal or no capacity of producing ergot and/or lolitrem alkaloids. These novel endophyte strains have been introduced to several grass cultivars with the idea to increase grass host resistance to abiotic stresses without hindering grazing livestock, and abiotic stresses to ensure high competitive ability of symbiotic grass cultivars. In this presentation, we discuss mechanisms underlying the competitiveness of epichloid endophyte/grass associations and consequences of endophyte infection for grassland ecosystem functions.

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Pathogen resistant advantage of endophyte-infected over endophyte-free Leymus chinensis is strengthened by pre-drought treatment

Cited by 40 publications

References 63 publications

Endophytic Fungi Activated Similar Defense Strategies of Achnatherum sibiricum Host to Different Trophic Types of Pathogens

Endophytic Fungi Activated Similar Defense Strategies of Achnatherum sibiricum Host to Different Trophic Types of Pathogens

The advantages of endophyte-infected over uninfected tall fescue in the growth and pathogen resistance are counteracted by elevated CO2

Epichloë (formerly Neotyphodium) fungal endophytes increase adaptation of cool-season perennial grasses to environmental stresses

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