Pathogen-triggered metabolic adjustments to potato virus Y infection in potato

Abstract

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is affected by several viral pathogens with the most economically damaging being potato virus Y (PVY). At least nine biologically distinct variants of PVY are known to attack potato, with necrotic types named PVYNTN and PVYN-Wi being the most recent additions to the list. So far, the molecular plant-virus interactions underlying this pathogenicity are not fully understood. In this study, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) was used for an untargeted investigation of the changes in leaf metabolomes of PVY-resistant cultivar Premier Russet, and a susceptible cultivar, Russet Burbank, following inoculation with three PVY strains, PVYNTN, PVYN-Wi, and PVYO. Analysis of the resulting GC–MS spectra with the online software Metaboanalyst (version 5.0) uncovered several common and strain-specific metabolites that are induced by PVY inoculation. In Premier Russet, the major overlap in differential accumulation was found between PVYN-Wi and PVYO. However, the 14 significant pathways occurred solely due to PVYN-Wi. In contrast, the main overlap in differential metabolite profiles and pathways in Russet Burbank was between PVYNTN and PVYO. Overall, limited overlap was observed between PVYNTN and PVYN-Wi. As a result, PVYN-Wi-induced necrosis may be mechanistically distinguishable from that of PVYNTN. Furthermore, 10 common and seven cultivar-specific metabolites as potential indicators of PVY infection and susceptibility/resistance were identified by using PLS-DA and ANOVA. In Russet Burbank, glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate were particularly affected by strain–time interaction. This highlights the relevance of the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism for defense against PVY. Some strain- and cultivar-dependent metabolite changes were also observed, reflecting the known genetic resistance–susceptibility dichotomy between the two cultivars. Consequently, engineering broad-spectrum resistance may be the most effective breeding strategy for managing these necrotic strains of PVY.

Transcriptional and functional predictors of potato virus Y-induced tuber necrosis in potato (Solanum tuberosum)

“…The experimental design was described in our previous study ( Manasseh et al., 2023 ). Briefly, the experimental units were single potted potato plants of PVY-susceptible cv.…”

“…These necrotic phenotypes reduce crop yield and quality and the marketability of the affected tubers ( Beczner et al., 1984 ; Romancer et al., 1994 ). The metabolomic profiles of two potato cultivars that differ in their response to PVY° and the necrosis-causing strains PVY NTN and PVYN-Wi were reported recently ( Manasseh et al., 2023 ). Moyo et al.…”

A plant virus protein, NIa-pro, interacts with Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase, whose levels positively correlate with disease severity

“…For PVY inoculation, leaves of the N. tabacum plants previously infected with PVY NTN were used as source of inoculum. One gram of infected tobacco leaves was ground in 10 ml of 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) containing 0.4% (v/v) β-mercaptoethanol, and 1:10 (wt/vol) of carborundum ( Manasseh et al., 2022 ). The sap extracted from PVY-infected leaf tissue was applied by manually rubbing the inoculum on the adaxial side of the leaves of N. benthamiana plants.…”

“…One gram of N. benthamiana leaf sample was ground in general extract buffer (GEB) (Agdia, Inc.). Leaf sap (100 µl) was used for measuring the viral titer using DAS-ELISA, with two technical replicates and three biological replicates for each treatment ( Manasseh et al., 2022 ).…”

Vanisulfane Induced Plant Resistance toward Potato Virus Y via the Salicylic-Depended Acid Signaling Pathway

“…Potato virus Y (PVY), a significant crop pathogen, causes considerable economic damage to the production of tobacco, potato, and other crops. − PVY infection in tobacco has been reported to seriously impact yields and quality, resulting in up to 100% crop loss . Traditional control measures for PVY, such as planting resistant crop varieties and using conventional chemical pesticides, have demonstrated poor control efficacies .…”