Pathogenesis and Pathology of Bovine Pneumonia

Panciera, Roger J.; Confer, Anthony W.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2010.04.001

Cited by 166 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In this study, serum cTnI concentrations were increased in the severely diseased calves more than in the moderately diseased calves. Therefore, infl ammation, tachycardia, hypoxia, and cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of BRD [1] may have been more severe in the severely diseased calves than in the moderately diseased calves; this is consistent with the clinical index scores and signifi cantly increased WBC counts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…BRD is caused by stress including weaning, commingling of cattle from various sources, poorly ventilated areas, overcrowding, environmental temperature and shipping [1,2]. BRD may also result from exposure to multiple pathogens, especially viral pathogens such as bovine herpes virus-1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, parainfl uenza-3, bovine viral diarrhea virus, adenoviruses (types 3 and 7), rhinoviruses, and coronaviruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) causes important morbidity, mortality and economic losses in beef and dairy cattle [1]. BRD is caused by stress including weaning, commingling of cattle from various sources, poorly ventilated areas, overcrowding, environmental temperature and shipping [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiac Troponin-I Concentration In Weaned Calves With Bovine Respiratory Disease

et al. 2015

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations in weaned calves with moderate and severe bovine respiratory disease. Eighteen healthy weaned calves (group I), 18 weaned calves with moderate bovine respiratory disease (group II) and 18 weaned calves with severe bovine respiratory disease (group III) were included in the study. Clinical signs and severity of respiratory disease according to clinical index scores were determined. Blood cell counts and cardiac biomarkers, such as serum cTnI concentrations and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were determined in all groups. Temperature and respiratory and pulse rates were signifi cantly increased in calves with moderate and severe bovine respiratory disease compared to healthy calves (P < 0.05). Serum cTnI concentrations and LDH activities were signifi cantly increased in the calves with severe bovine respiratory disease compared to healthy calves and calves with moderate bovine respiratory disease (P < 0.05). A signifi cant increase in white blood cell counts in calves with moderate and severe bovine respiratory disease and lymphopenia and neutrophilia in calves with severe bovine respiratory disease were also found. The study suggests that severe bovine respiratory disease causes increased serum cTnI concentrations in weaned calves.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiac Troponin-I Concentration In Weaned Calves With Bovine Respiratory Disease

et al. 2015

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“…16 An impaired immune response predisposes to increased viral shedding in subclinically affected animals and subsequent proliferation of potentially pathogenic commensal bacteria. 45,52 Inhibition of respiratory clearance mechanisms and direct tissue damage by viral infection facilitates proliferation and invasion of secondary bacterial organisms, often resulting in a fatal bacterial pneumonia. 52,68 The Australian Government requires animals destined for export to be held in a registered facility (also known as an "assembly depot") for a minimum period of time prior to being loaded onto a vessel (Australian Standards for the 559741V DIXXX10.1177/1040638714559741Nasal shedding and seroprevalence of BRD in live export cattleMoore et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of nasal shedding and seroprevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease in Australian live export cattle

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The prevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was investigated in cattle prior to export. A quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect nucleic acids from the following viruses and bacteria in nasal swab samples: Bovine coronavirus (BoCV; Betacoronavirus 1), Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Pasteurella multocida. Between 2010 and 2012, nasal swabs were collected from 1,484 apparently healthy cattle destined for export to the Middle East and Russian Federation. In addition, whole blood samples from 334 animals were tested for antibodies to BoHV-1, BRSV, BVDV-1, and BPIV-3 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The nasal prevalence of BoCV at the individual animal level was 40.1%. The nasal and seroprevalence of BoHV-1, BRSV, BVDV-1, and BPIV-3 was 1.0% and 39%, 1.2% and 46%, 3.0% and 56%, and 1.4% and 87%, respectively. The nasal prevalence of H. somni, M. bovis, M. haemolytica, and P. multocida was 42%, 4.8%, 13.4%, and 26%, respectively. Significant differences in nasal and seroprevalence were detected between groups of animals from different geographical locations. The results of the current study provide baseline data on the prevalence of organisms associated with BRD in Australian live export cattle in the preassembly period. This data could be used to develop strategies for BRD prevention and control prior to loading. Nasal shedding and seroprevalence of BRD in live export cattle 7 Export of Livestock, Standard 3, http://www.agriculture.gov. au/biosecurity/export/live-animals/advisory-notices/2011/ export_advisory_notice_2011-01). Time in the assembly depot allows the animals to recover from road transport, acclimatize to shipboard rations, and receive any health checks or treatments required by the importing country. However, comingling, handling, and sorting of animals that have been recently transported from multiple farms also provides an ideal environment for transmission of viruses and bacteria between animals in the assembly depot.Viruses implicated in the pathogenesis of BRD include Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), Bovine coronavirus (BoCV), bovine rhinoviruses, and bovine adenoviruses. Bovine rhinoviruses and adenoviruses probably have only a minimal role in the pathogenesis of BRD, while BoHV-1, BPIV-3, and BRSV are recognized as primary respiratory pathogens, and BVDV-1 as a significant predisposing pathogen (reviewed in previous publications 20,52 ). Since its first isolation in association with respiratory disease in 1993, 67 BoCV has received attention as an emerging BRD pathogen, and is now thought to make a substantial contribution to the development of BRD in feedlot cattle. 59,65Mannheimia haemo...

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“…Other researchers found a relationship between several aetiological agents and the severity of BRD. In the pathogenesis of BRD, viruses play a key role, harming the respiratory tract and facilitating secondary infections (19). When BVDV is present, for instance, the severity of M. haemolytica infection is increased (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and economic impact related to bovine respiratory disease, shrink, and traveling distance in feedlot cattle in Northwest Mexico

Rodríguez-Castillo¹,

López-Valencia²,

Monge-Navarro³

et al. 2017

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the main reason for economic loss in feedlots. A cross-sectional study was conducted in order to detect the pathogens involved in BRD. A total of 88 animals with respiratory signs were sampled for diagnosis using PCR. The detected pathogens were bovine respiratory syncytial virus (80.6%), Mannheimia haemolytica (79.5%), Pasteurella multocida (68.1%), parainfluenza 3 virus (23.8%), bovine herpes virus-1 (20.4%), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (11.3%). The average number of treatments applied per animal was 1.3 with an estimated treatment cost of 16 USD per treatment/animal. Animals receiving more than one treatment averaged costs exceeding 38 USD per animal. In total, 77% of all animals received the first treatment during the first 3 weeks after arrival. We found a relationship between shrink percentage and the distance traveled by the livestock from its origin to the feedlot (P = 0.049). BRD represents a costly condition for feedlot operations. It is imperative that cattleman and veterinary practitioners recognize the necessity to apply additional preventive medicine strategies to reduce the impact of BRD. Preconditioning and a more systematic use of methaphylaxis may improve our ability to accurately identify the most effective strategies to reduce the impact of BRD.

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Pathogenesis and Pathology of Bovine Pneumonia

Cited by 166 publications

References 58 publications

Cardiac Troponin-I Concentration In Weaned Calves With Bovine Respiratory Disease

Cardiac Troponin-I Concentration In Weaned Calves With Bovine Respiratory Disease

Estimation of nasal shedding and seroprevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease in Australian live export cattle

Detection and economic impact related to bovine respiratory disease, shrink, and traveling distance in feedlot cattle in Northwest Mexico

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