Pathogenesis and Pathology of Post-Irradiation Infection

Bond, V.P.; Silverman, Myron S.; Cronkite, Eugene P.

doi:10.2307/3570336

Cited by 55 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This is strikingly similar to the situation observed in mammals, except that in the mammal there is a series of times at which deaths are grouped after different dose-ranges. This has led to the concept of a hierarchy (QuASTLER & ZUCKER, 1959) of modes of death, in which the most commonly encountered and most easily recognized are the 3--5 day, or intestinal syndrome, and the 2 week, or hemopoietic syndrome (QtJASTLER et al, 1951;HEMPELMANN et al, 1952;BOND et al, 1954).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACUTE LETHALITY AFTER X‐IRRADIATION OF TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM ADULTS

Ducoff

Bosma

1967

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Recently emerged adults of Tribolium confusum, maintained at 30° in flour‐yeast medium, were exposed to X‐ray doses between 8 and 75 kR at dose rates of 225 or 1000 R/min. In all cases, there was no significant mortality for about 10 days, and all deaths attributable to the irradiation occurred during the next 10 to 15 days; after the lower doses, many insects survived this critical period and then lived on for many months. The relative dose‐independence of the survival‐time of decedents suggested that there is a specific mode of death, i.e., an as‐yet‐unrecognized acute lethal syndrome. Irradiated beetles incubated at 22° exhibited about twice as great a delay in the onset of mortality, and a mortality period with about twice the duration, as those at 30°, suggesting the necessity of a sequence of metabolic events in the development of lethality. Beetles on a cornstarch diet were at least as radioresistant as beetles on flour yeast beetles at 22° were distinctly more sensitive than those kept at 30°. Older beetles, exposed 4 or 10 months after emergence, showed progressive increases in acute radiosensitivity. Implications of these findings for radiobiological investigations on adult insects are discussed. Résumé LETHALITE AIGÜE APRES IRRADIATION AUX RAYONS X DES ADULTES DE TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM La plupart des insectes utilisés dans les expériences de radiobiologie ont une longévité relativement brève à l'état adulte. De ce fait, il est difficile ou impossible de distinguer la mortalité aigüe liée à des mécanismes spécifiques d'une diminution nonspécifique de la résistance à un «stress». La longévité des adultes de Tribolium rend possible de séparer ces deux catégories de réponses, elle peut aussi permettre la mise en évidence des différents modes de léthalité aigüe. Des adultes récemment formés de Tribolium confusum, maintenus à 30° dans le milieu farine‐levure, ont été exposés à des doses de rayons X de 8 à 75 kR aux taux de 225 ou 1000 R/min. Dans tous les cas, il n'y a pas eu de mortalité significative pendant 10 jours, et toutes les morts attribuables à l'irradiation ont eu lieu au cours des 10 à 15 jours suivants; après les doses les plus faibles, beaucoup d'insectes ont survécu à cette période critique et ont alors vécu de nombreux mois. L'indépendance relative par rapport à la dose de la durée de la survie des descendants suggère l'existence d'un mode spécifique de mortalité, ou d'un syndrome léthal aigu. Les insectes irradiés en élevage à 22° ont présenté un délai de début de mortalité environ le double et une durée de la période de mortalité environ double de ceux enregistrés à 30°. Ceci représente un Q10 d'environ 2, 3, qui suggère la nécessité d'une succession de phénomènes métaboliques dans le développement de la léthalité. Des insectes sur un régime à base d'amidon de maïs étaient au moins aussi radiorésistants que ceux sur farine et levure; les insectes à 22° furent sans conteste plus sensibles que ceux élevés à 30°. Des coléoptères plus âgés, exposés 4 ou 10 mois après leur formation, ont montré des ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACUTE LETHALITY AFTER X‐IRRADIATION OF TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM ADULTS

Ducoff

Bosma

1967

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…This type of response to radiation has been designated the "bone marrow syndrome" by Bond, Silverman, and Cronkite, and differentiated by them from the "intestinal syndrome" which follows exposure to higher doses of irradiation. The distinguishing characteristics of these two syndromes are discussed in an excellent review recently published by those authors (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Susceptibility to Infection Following Ionizing Radiation

Gordon

Ruml

Hahne

et al. 1955

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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In half of the normal mice examined, cultures of mesenteric lymph nodes were positive for enteric bacteria. When a non-pathogenic microorganism, Serratia marcescens, was established in the intestinal tract by administering it to mice in their drinking water, it, too, was recovered from the mesenteric lymph nodes of almost half of the normal mice examined. From these findings it was concluded that bacteria in small numbers were able to pass from the lumen of the unirradiated gut as far as the regional lymph glands. Such bacteria, except the pathogen, Salmonella, were rarely found in liver or spleen, never in the blood of the normal mice. After x-irradiation with 700 r, the incidence of positive cultures showed the liver or spleen became infected with enteric microorganisms before the blood stream was invaded. It appears, therefore, that these elements of the reticulo-endothelial system were able for a time to maintain the sterility of the blood after failure of the more immediate defenses against bacterial invasion from the intestinal tract. It is concluded that if any increased migration of bacteria through the intestinal mucosa resulted from the radiation injury, the increase must have occurred very soon after irradiation.

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“…Une explication possible de ce phenomena est que la courbe dose-reponse de mortalite soit la resultante de deux composantes, ou plus. Nous savons d'ailleurs que la pathogenese de la mort par radiation ressortit a plusieurs mecanismes complexes (14,9). Dans ce cas, la Iigne de regression n'est plus une droite et l'ajustement par la methode de vraisembIance maxima est fondamentalement une approximation.…”

Section: J Mewissenunclassified

Action de la Cystamine per Os Sur La Survie Des Souris Irradiees Par Le Radiocobalt 60: Par

Mewissen¹

1957

Acta Radiologica

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Pathogenesis and Pathology of Post-Irradiation Infection

Cited by 55 publications

References 19 publications

ACUTE LETHALITY AFTER X‐IRRADIATION OF TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM ADULTS

ACUTE LETHALITY AFTER X‐IRRADIATION OF TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM ADULTS

Studies on Susceptibility to Infection Following Ionizing Radiation

Action de la Cystamine per Os Sur La Survie Des Souris Irradiees Par Le Radiocobalt 60: Par

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