Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19

Kirk, Natalie M.; Liang, Yuying; Ly, Hinh

doi:10.1080/21505594.2024.2316438

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 238 publications

(392 reference statements)

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“…Besides the flu-like and gastrointestinal symptoms, COVID-19 patients develop shortness of breath and tachypnoea with worsening of the respiratory disease, and damage of lung tissue up to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [1,5]. ARDS may potentially lead to the development of septic shock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Severe COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Sobczak,

Pawliczak

2024

Nutrients

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Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, vitamin D has attracted interest due to its immunomodulatory properties. Numerous studies show a correlation between vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases and mortality. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis in order to assess the relationship between vitamin D3 supplementation and COVID-19 severity. We included 13 randomized clinical trials that contained the analyzed endpoints: length of COVID-19 hospitalization, number of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, length of stay in the ICU, number of cases requiring any supplemental oxygenation, duration of any supplemental oxygenation, number of overall mortality and number of deaths associated with COVID-19. The relative risk with 95% confidence interval (CI) and the mean difference with 95% CI were calculated to compare the effect. A random effects model was used to calculate effect sizes. Our meta-analysis showed a positive effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on ICU admission (RR = 0.73; 95% CI [0.57; 0.95], p = 0.02, I2 = 19.6%) and mortality associated with COVID-19 among patients (RR = 0.56; 95% CI [0.34; 0.91]; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%). Vitamin D3 supplementation may potentially reduce the risk of ICU admission and death associated with COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This, in turn, is associated with hospitalization in an intensive care unit (ICU) as well as mortality in COVID-19 patients over 60 years of age [1]. Moreover, in the case of severe coronavirus disease, comorbidities for example cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes are common [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Severe COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Sobczak,

Pawliczak

2024

Nutrients

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Virulence and tissue tropism of different epidemiologically significant SARS-CoV-2 variants for golden Syrian hamsters

Gracheva,

Drokov,

Smirnova

et al. 2024

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology

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Introduction. Animal models for SARS-CoV-2 infection, reproducing the clinical features of COVID-19 in humans, are important tools for studying the pathogenesis of the disease, transmission of the pathogen and are indispensable for testing antiviral drugs and vaccines. The aim of the study was to assess the virulence and tissue tropism for golden Syrian hamsters of SARS-CoV-2 strains belonging to different epidemiologically significant variants: Wuhan-like, Delta, Omicron BA.1.1 and Omicron BA.5.2. Materials and methods. Hamsters were intranasally infected with different SARS-CoV-2 strains. Virulence and tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2 strains were assessed by comparing the dynamics of weight, viral load in organs and histopathological changes in lungs in infected and uninfected animals. Results. The Wuhan-like Dubrovka strain had the greatest virulence for hamsters, which was manifested by the development of severe pneumonia and a delay in weight gain by 14.6%, high virus content in the lungs, nasal passages and brain — 6.2, 5,9 and 3.7 lg TCID50/ml of homogenate, respectively. Presumably, it was the infection of the Wuhan-like virus of the central nervous system that negatively affected the weight and general condition of the animals. When hamsters were infected with viruses belonging to the Delta and Omicron variants, the observed minor weight loss in animals was uninformative, so indicators such as lung histopathology, viral load in the lungs, nasal passages, heart and other organs played a decisive role in assessing the virus pathogenicity. A score assessment of lung histopathology was of particular value in assessing the severity of pneumonia, since it reduced subjectivity in evaluating the results of histological examination and provided a semi-quantitative assessment of the pathological process. Conclusion. Despite the revealed lower virulence for hamsters of viruses belonging to the Delta and Omicron variants compared to the ancestral Wuhan virus, this animal model for COVID-19 retains its value for conducting preclinical trials of antiviral drugs.

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Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19

Cited by 2 publications

References 238 publications

Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Severe COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Severe COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Virulence and tissue tropism of different epidemiologically significant SARS-CoV-2 variants for golden Syrian hamsters

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