Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of leprosy

Mennuru, Nagendra Babu; Birudala, Ramadevi; Birudala, Geetha

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85730-7.00042-4

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Patients with at least one of the World Health Organization 's cardinal signs will have their diagnosis made based on clinical findings alone [11]. Timely diagnosis through physical examination or bacilloscopy of dermal scrapings and the use of multidrug therapy (rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine) can prevent disease progression and disability [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological, clinical, and geographical characterization of Leprosy in the County of Santarém-Pará: Insights for effective control and targeted intervention

Cota Queiroz,

Nunes da Rocha,

Valentim

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Leprosy is an infectious disease characterized by slow and chronic evolution, caused by Mycobacterium leprae and or Mycobacterium lepromatosis, an intracellular alcohol-acid-resistant (BAAR) bacillus. The objective of this study was to provide an epidemiological, clinical, and geographic characterization of leprosy in the city of Santarém-Pará during the period 2011–2020. A cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative approach was used, employing maps and tables to illustrate clinical and epidemiological variables, including: sex, age, race, area of residence, operational classification, clinical form, number of skin lesions, number of affected nerves, and health units. During the analyzed period, 581 cases of leprosy were diagnosed, resulting in the following cumulative incidence rates: male (60%); age over 15 years (94%); urban area (73%); multibacillary (74%); borderline form (46%); skin lesions greater than 5 (34%); and no nerves affected (68%). In the urban perimeter, a higher cumulative incidence of cases was observed in the central area with 133 cases. However, the health unit reporting the largest number of cases belonged to the southern area, specifically the Basic Health Unit of Nova República, with 48 cases. This study highlights the need to characterize the nuances of leprosy and its variability within the urban environment, according to different areas. Further research is essential to inform the implementation of public policies aimed at addressing the population with the highest vulnerability index, thereby reducing leprosy rates in Santarém.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological, clinical, and geographical characterization of Leprosy in the County of Santarém-Pará: Insights for effective control and targeted intervention

Cota Queiroz,

Nunes da Rocha,

Valentim

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease [1], is a chronic granulomatous disease that classically presents with cutaneous and neural involvement [1,2]. Leprosy is caused by rod-shaped, slowgrowing, acid-fast bacilli of the Mycobacterium leprae complex [3], which includes M. leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Humans are the primary carriers of M. leprae, apart from the Americas, where the armadillo also serves as a zoonotic reservoir.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint-related manifestations of leprosy: A case report

2024

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Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease in which the musculoskeletal system has been described as the third most commonly affected system. Leprosy infections may manifest with various autoimmune phenomena reminiscent of classic autoimmune diseases. Among the leprosy factors affecting the prognosis of the disease, early diagnosis was reported to be the most effective. A 46-year-old married woman was referred to the hospital with initial articular symptoms. The patient also had deep folds, increased thickness of the skin in the forehead area, and dryness of the skin with a progressive course. The finger deformities and swelling are certainly misleading, but they may constitute an unsuspected inaugural form of leprosy, especially in its lepromatous form. The skin smear and biopsy confirmed leprosy, and treatment consisting of multi-drug therapy, as suggested by the WHO, was prescribed for the patient. According to these findings, it seems that one of the major symptoms of leprosy is musculoskeletal involvement and rheumatological manifestations, which may obscure and mislead diagnostic and treatment plans.

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Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of leprosy

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Epidemiological, clinical, and geographical characterization of Leprosy in the County of Santarém-Pará: Insights for effective control and targeted intervention

Epidemiological, clinical, and geographical characterization of Leprosy in the County of Santarém-Pará: Insights for effective control and targeted intervention

Joint-related manifestations of leprosy: A case report

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