Pathogenesis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Patel, M.; Braga, Daniel Cardoso; Money, Brad; Pirela, Andres; Zybulewski, Adam; Olivieri, Brandon; Beasley, Robert E.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.91670

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Therefore, physical activity could have preventative effects on aortic diseases through its suppressive effects on atherosclerosis. In addition, physical activity has been reported to have an antiinflammatory effect, which may play an important role in the infiltration of inflammatory cells, which is a major pathogenetic feature of aortic aneurysm and dissection 20,21) . In contrast, another pathophysiological feature of aortic dissection that may not be affected by physical activity could partially explain the differential effects of physical activity on the type of aortic diseases, i.e., changes in the architecture of medial elastic fibers, which may lead to an aortic intimal tear and medical dissection 28) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical activity is known to prevent established atherosclerotic risk factors such as elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, elevated triglyceride concentrations, and obesity 24) . Aortic aneurysm has been associated with atherosclerosis and its risk factors 20,25) . Among aortic dissection, the Stanford Type A aortic dissection (involving the ascending aorta), which shows lesser associated with atherosclerosis than Stanford Type B aortic dissection (not including the ascending aorta), accounted for approximately two-thirds of aortic dissection cases did not allow us to analyze the dose-response effect of physical activity on the risk of aortic diseases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical activity could reduce the risk of aortic diseases because it has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and arterial stiffness as well as an anti-inflammatory effect [17][18][19][20][21] . A previous meta-analysis of prospective studies suggested that higher levels of physical activity were associated with a reduced risk of aortic diseases; however, only five of nine studies showed no association, and three of five studies did not adjust for major confounders such as smoking, obesity, and hypertension 22) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Physical Activity with Aortic Disease in Japanese Men and Women: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

Tanimura

Teramoto

Tamakoshi

et al. 2023

JAT

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Aims: Evidence of the effects of physical activity on mortality from aortic diseases, especially in Asian populations, remains limited. This study aimed to examine these effects using data from a large long-term cohort study of Japanese men and women. Methods: Between 1988 and 1990, 32,083 men and 43,454 women in Japan, aged 40-79 years with no history of coronary heart disease, stroke, aortic diseases, or cancer, filled in questionnaires on time spent walking and participating in sports and were followed up until 2009. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of aortic disease mortality and its types (aortic aneurysm and dissection) according to the time spent walking and participating in sports were calculated after adjusting for potential confounding factors using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: During a median follow-up of 19.1 years, a total of 173 deaths from aortic disease (91 cases of aortic dissection and 82 of aortic aneurysm) were documented. Sports participation time was inversely associated with the risk of death from aortic aneurysm: the multivariable HRs (95% CIs) were 0.68 (0.40-1.16) for ＜1 h/week, 0.50 (0.19-1.35) for 3-4 h/week, and 0.31 (0.10-0.93) for ≥ 5 h/week (p for trend=0.23) compared with 1-2 h/ week. The time spent walking was not associated with death from aortic aneurysm, dissection, and total aortic diseases.Conclusions: Greater time spent in sports participation was associated with a reduced risk of mortality from aortic aneurism in the Japanese population. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and aortic dissection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Physical Activity with Aortic Disease in Japanese Men and Women: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

Tanimura

Teramoto

Tamakoshi

et al. 2023

JAT

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“…In terms of proteolytic degeneration, oxidized LDL, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-3 result in increased proteolytic enzyme such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the aortic wall, causing a subsequent decrease in extracellular matrix protein including elastin, laminin, fibronectin, and collagen [ 40 ]. While there are many types of MMPs which play a role in the pathogenesis of AAA, two are found to be significantly upregulated [ 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there are many types of MMPs which play a role in the pathogenesis of AAA, two are found to be significantly upregulated [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. This includes MMP-2 and MMP-9, formed by smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, and by macrophages and neutrophils, respectively [ 40 , 42 , 43 ]. The consequence of these elevated MMP is a combination of extracellular matrix remodeling, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis, and inflammation [ 40 , 44 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Is the Protective Effect on AAA Due to Antidiabetic Medications Alone, Due to the Disease Alone, or Both?

Shanmuganathan,

K. Agrawal

2024

Arch Intern Med Res

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Diabetes is a metabolic disease that may result in multiple microvascular and macrovascular diseases. Interestingly, many studies have demonstrated the inverse relationship between diabetes and the development and expansion of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). One hypothesis is that the aortic wall stiffness resulting from hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products could delay the development and growth of AAA. Other studies have proposed that the concurrent use of antidiabetic medications which promote anti-inflammatory cytokines while hindering pro-inflammatory cytokines may potentially be the reason for this protective effect of diabetes on AAA. Contrastingly, the presence of diabetes has been found to have a negative effect on the outcome of AAA following its repair which may be due to elevated blood glucose negatively affecting the healing process. The current literature has also demonstrated the negative impact of the use of fluoroquinolones on AAA. This comprehensive review critically reviewed and summarized the role of diabetes, anti-diabetes medications and fluoroquinolones on AAA, and on the effect of diabetes and certain anti-diabetes medications on outcomes following its repair.

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MicroRNA‐29a‐3p regulates abdominal aortic aneurysm development and progression via direct interaction with PTEN

Zhou

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Various research studies have been conducted in deducing the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis and physiological processes of various systematic diseases. This study aims at demonstration of the important role played by miR‐29a‐3p, through association with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), in the regulation of abdominal aortic aneurysm development and progression. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) examined miRNA‐19a‐3p and PMEPA1 expression in multiplied vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Cell transfection upregulated or downregulated the genes and cell counting kit‐8 assay determined cellular viability. RT‐qPCR detected cellular proliferation and cell death using the cell proliferation and apoptosis biomarkers Ki87 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, caspase‐8 and caspase‐3, respectively. Furthermore, luciferase assay analyzed the luciferase activity and western blot analysis determined miRNA‐19a‐3p and PMEPA1 protein expression in proliferation and apoptosis biomarkers. TargetScan 4.2 online software (http://www.targetscan.org) was used to perform the bioinformatics analysis so as to forecast the putative targets of miR‐29a‐3p and PTEN. The results inferred that there was an increased expression of miRNA‐29a‐3p found in AAA‐mimic cells with increased cellular viability and significant pathological apoptosis. Further, when the expression of miRNA‐29a‐3p was downregulated, it reduced the cell viability of AAA cells. On the basis of the gene interplays, it can be understood that the PTEN was directly targeted by miRNA‐29a‐3p so as to regulate the AAA progression. Thus, PTEN was found to strengthen the proliferation effect of miRNA‐29a‐3p in AAA cells. The current study thus shed more insights about the molecular mechanistic roles of miRNA‐29a‐3p and PTEN, opening doors for novel therapeutic approach to AAA.

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Pathogenesis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Cited by 3 publications

References 58 publications

Association of Physical Activity with Aortic Disease in Japanese Men and Women: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

Association of Physical Activity with Aortic Disease in Japanese Men and Women: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

Diabetes and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Is the Protective Effect on AAA Due to Antidiabetic Medications Alone, Due to the Disease Alone, or Both?

MicroRNA‐29a‐3p regulates abdominal aortic aneurysm development and progression via direct interaction with PTEN

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