Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis: SEPs in Chicken with Experimentally Induced Scoliosis and in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis

Machida, Masafumi; Dubousset, Jean; Imamura, Yuya; Iwaya, Tsutomu; Yamada, Thoru; Kimura, Jun; Toriyama, S

doi:10.1097/01241398-199405000-00010

Cited by 92 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Conversely, the results show that scoliosis was observed in 58% and 50% of groups B and C, respectively. Although Machida et al [19,20,21,23] have reported that 100% of their pinealectomized chickens developed a scoliotic curve, these results have not been confirmed in other studies [1,2,3,9,14,30,33,34]. Recently, a 52% incidence of scoliosis after pinealectomy was reported by Wang et al [34], and this is confirmed by the results of our current study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…Furthermore, there is an age-dependent alteration of its circadian secretion during the human lifetime. Since the first experiment by Thillard [30] in new-born chickens, the observation that pinealectomy leads to an experimental scoliosis in chickens similar to that in humans has led to this procedure being adopted as an attractive model used extensively in experimental research [1,2,3,11,14,15,18,19,20,21,22,23,33,34]. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of the development of spinal deformity after experimental pinealectomy in young chickens has so far not been clearly explained.…”

Section: Mehmet Turgut çIgdem Yenisey Aysegül Uysal Mehmet Bozkurt MImentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of pineal gland transplantation on the production of spinal deformity and serum melatonin level following pinealectomy in the chicken

Turğut

Yenisey

Uysal

et al. 2003

European Spine Journal

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Pinealectomy frequently produces spinal deformity in some animal models, but the precise biological mechanism of this phenomenon remains obscure. The current study investigated the effects of an autograft pineal body on the development of spinal deformity and serum melatonin (MLT) concentration after pinealectomy in the chicken. Thirty-six chickens (2 days of age) were divided into three equal groups. While the removal of the pineal gland was performed in groups B and C, a pineal body autograft was surgically implanted into the body wall musculature only in the pineal transplantation group (group C). Chickens in which no surgical intervention was performed served as intact controls (group A). Posteroanterior radiographs of the spines of the chickens were taken at the age of 8 weeks. These were used to determine Cobb angles and to measure the rib-vertebra angles (RVA) on the concave and convex sides of the curves, from which data the difference between the convex and concave RVA (the RVAD) was calculated. At the end of the study, serum MLT levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and histopathological examination of specimens from all the groups was performed. The results were compared using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan's test for pairwise comparisons or by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney U tests for comparisons between two groups. In this study, the serum MLT levels in groups B and C were significantly lower than those in group A (P<0.05). However, scoliosis developed in only 7 of 12 (58%) in group B and 6 of 12 (50%) in group C. The average Cobb angle and RVAD in groups B and C were significantly larger than those found in group A (P=0.000 and P=0.001, respectively). Interestingly, there were no significant differences in either serum MLT levels or development of scoliosis between groups B and C. From the results of the current study, it is evident that the intramuscular pineal gland transplantation following pinealectomy in young Hybro Broiler chickens has no significant effect on the development of spinal deformity and serum MLT level. In the light of this result, the role of MLT in the development of spinal deformity in chickens after pinealectomy remains controversial, and further investigations are warranted.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Mehmet Turgut çIgdem Yenisey Aysegül Uysal Mehmet Bozkurt MImentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of pineal gland transplantation on the production of spinal deformity and serum melatonin level following pinealectomy in the chicken

Turğut

Yenisey

Uysal

et al. 2003

European Spine Journal

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“…All these functions require a correct integration at cortical level. In fact, the alterations of the postural and ocular motor control found in IS have been suggested to be due to abnormal processing of sensory afferences at cerebral cortex, and not to conduction disturbances [2,30,32,33]. Ultimately, a sensory alteration is likely to impact on motor control, given the necessary tight coupling of sensorimotor integration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor cortical hyperexcitability in idiopathic scoliosis: could focal dystonia be a subclinical etiological factor?

et al. 2009

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The aetiology of idiopathic scoliosis (IS) remains unknown; however, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the spine deformity could be the expression of a subclinical nervous system disorder. A defective sensory input or an anomalous sensorimotor integration may lead to an abnormal postural tone and therefore the development of a spine deformity. Inhibition of the motor cortico-cortical excitability is abnormal in dystonia. Therefore, the study of cortico-cortical inhibition may shed some insight into the dystonia hypothesis regarding the pathophysiology of IS. Paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to study corticocortical inhibition and facilitation in nine adolescents with IS, five teenagers with congenital scoliosis (CS) and eight healthy age-matched controls. The effect of a previous conditioning stimulus (80% intensity of resting motor threshold) on the amplitude of the motor-evoked potential induced by the test stimulus (120% of resting motor threshold) was examined at various interstimulus intervals (ISIs) in both abductor pollicis brevis muscles. The results of healthy adolescents and those with CS showed a marked inhibitory effect of the conditioning stimulus on the response to the test stimulus at interstimulus intervals shorter than 6 ms. These findings do not differ from those reported for normal adults. However, children with IS revealed an abnormally reduced cortico-cortical inhibition at the short ISIs. Cortico-cortical inhibition was practically normal on the side of the scoliotic convexity while it was significantly reduced on the side of the scoliotic concavity. In conclusion, these findings support the hypothesis that a dystonic dysfunction underlies in IS. Asymmetrical cortical hyperexcitability may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IS and represents an objective neurophysiological finding that could be used clinically.

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“…The duration of the experiment causing spinal deformity in rabbits was established based on the work performed by Bigard et al [4], Joe [9], Kin [12] and Machida et al [16,17], who suggested that electrical stimulation should be carried out for 1-4 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An overall duration of this experiment (3 months) was designed based on the results of similar studies in cats [3], rats [9], primates [4], rabbits [12] and chicken [16,17]. The length of the daily LESS therapy in the present study was based on the results of previous clinical trials in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental scoliosis in the course of unilateral surface electrostimulation of the paravertebral muscles in rabbits: effects according to stimulation period

Kowalski¹,

Szarek

Zarzycki

et al. 2001

Eur Spine J

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Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis: SEPs in Chicken with Experimentally Induced Scoliosis and in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis

Cited by 92 publications

References 0 publications

The effects of pineal gland transplantation on the production of spinal deformity and serum melatonin level following pinealectomy in the chicken

The effects of pineal gland transplantation on the production of spinal deformity and serum melatonin level following pinealectomy in the chicken

Motor cortical hyperexcitability in idiopathic scoliosis: could focal dystonia be a subclinical etiological factor?

Experimental scoliosis in the course of unilateral surface electrostimulation of the paravertebral muscles in rabbits: effects according to stimulation period

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