Pathogenesis‐related genes of entomopathogenic fungi

Shin, Tae Young; Lee, Mi Rong; Park, So Eun; Lee, Se Jin; Kim, Woo Jin

doi:10.1002/arch.21747

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In addition, degrading host defense substances possibly makes the fungal invasion much easier. In entomopathogenic fungi, the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) gene encodes a protein that is involved in the degradation of lipid and wax layers of arthropods ( Shin et al, 2020 ). In RNA-sequencing of western flower thrips infected with B. bassiana ERL836 or JEF-007, two different CYP genes (CYP539B1 and CYP655C1) were identified in the infecting fungal isolates ( Kim et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Gene Expression Between Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-290 and Longhorned Tick Haemaphysalis longicornis at Early Stage of Infection

et al. 2021

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The longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae), is a hard tick and a vector for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus. The number of patients infected with SFTS is rapidly increasing. Recently, the invertebrate pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-290 was reported to be useful to control the tick as an alternative to chemical acaricides, which are not easily applicable in human living areas where the tick is widely spread. In this study, we analyzed how the tick and the fungal pathogen interact at the transcriptional level. Field-collected tick nymphs were treated with JEF-290 conidia at 1 × 108 conidia/ml. In the early stage of infection with 2.5% mortality, the infected ticks were subjected to RNA sequencing, and non-infected ticks and fungal masses served as controls. Fungus and tick genes were mostly up-regulated at the early stage of infection. In the gene set enrichment analysis of the infecting fungus, catabolic processes that included lipids, phospholipids, and detoxification processes, the response to oxidative stress, and toxic substances were significantly up-regulated. In this fungal up-regulation, various lipase, antioxidant enzyme, and hydrolase genes were highly transcribed. The gene set enrichment analysis of the infected tick showed that many peptide synthesis processes including translation, peptide metabolism, ribonucleotide metabolism, and energy production processes that included ATP generation and ADP metabolism were significantly up-regulated. Structurally, mitochondria and ribosome subunit genes in ticks were highly transcribed to upregulate these processes. Together these results indicate that JEF-290 initiates process that infects the tick while the tick actively defends against the fungal attack. This work provides background to improve our understanding of the early stage of fungal infection in longhorned tick.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Gene Expression Between Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-290 and Longhorned Tick Haemaphysalis longicornis at Early Stage of Infection

et al. 2021

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“…Entomopathogenic fungi are pathogenic to various pests and can be used as biological control agents by alternatively replacing chemical pesticides for cotton aphid management ( 18 – 20 ). The conidia of entomopathogenic fungi invade the aphid by attaching to the epidermis ( 21 , 22 ). Entomopathogenic fungi kill insects by secreting secondary metabolites that act as toxins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-Stage Defense Mechanism of the Cotton Aphid Aphis gossypii Against Infection With the Insect-Killing Fungus Beauveria bassiana JEF-544

Park

Lee

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Aphis gossypii, commonly known as the cotton aphid, is a widely distributed pest of agricultural crops and acts as a vector for many serious plant viruses. Cotton aphid shows high resistance to chemical insecticides due to rapid rates of genetic diversity as a result of its short life cycle, seasonal migration, and host alteration. As an alternative, entomopathogenic fungi can be used to control cotton aphids in an environmentally sound manner. However, little is known about how cotton aphids respond to fungal infection. In this work, a new Beauveria bassiana strain JEF-544 (Bb JEF-544) was selected and isolated through bioassays with high virulence against cotton aphid. Early response of cotton aphid to Bb JEF-544 infection was analyzed at the transcriptome level. Infected aphids were collected two days after treatment at 25% lethal time (LT25), and total RNA of non-infected and Bb JEF-544-infected aphids was independently subjected to sequencing. Infected aphids showed significant up-regulation of the insect hormone biosynthesis pathway. Bursicon (Burs) and crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) receptors involved in molting along with ecdysone synthesis were also strongly up-regulated in the aphid response to the fungal infection. In the immune response, melanization in the hemocoel was significantly up-regulated, while phagocytosis was less actively transcribed. In conclusion, cotton aphids protect themselves from Bb JEF-544 infection by activating the immune response including melanization and insect molting hormones to shed infected cuticles. In addition to describing the initial stages of Bb JEF-544 infection at the transcriptome level, this work provides potential treatment targets and insight into how fungal isolates can effectively be used to control this serious aphid species.

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“…For fungal infection against insect hosts, conidia of B. bassiana adhere to the host cuticle and germinate to produce invading appressoria under appropriate temperature and humidity conditions ( 4 , 5 ). Depending on mechanical pressure and cuticle-degrading hydrolases, fungi penetrate the host cuticle and colonize the host hemolymph ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Zinc Finger Transcription Factor BbCmr1 Regulates Conidium Maturation in Beauveria bassiana

et al. 2022

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Pathogenesis‐related genes of entomopathogenic fungi

Cited by 42 publications

References 49 publications

Interactive Gene Expression Between Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-290 and Longhorned Tick Haemaphysalis longicornis at Early Stage of Infection

Interactive Gene Expression Between Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-290 and Longhorned Tick Haemaphysalis longicornis at Early Stage of Infection

Early-Stage Defense Mechanism of the Cotton Aphid Aphis gossypii Against Infection With the Insect-Killing Fungus Beauveria bassiana JEF-544

The Zinc Finger Transcription Factor BbCmr1 Regulates Conidium Maturation in Beauveria bassiana

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