Pathogenetic elements of hepatitis E and animal models of HEV infection

Krawczynski, Krzysztof; Meng, Xiang‐Jin; Rybczyńska, Jolanta

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2011.03.007

Cited by 69 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Of four pregnant macaques inoculated with an epidemic HEV strain isolated from an Indian patient in 1990, three delivered healthy infants (two of them after elevation of liver enzymes), whereas the remaining macaque delivered a macerated fetus 5 days before the onset of hepatitis. 48 Consistent with other experimental studies of HEV involving animal models, 50 the disease provoked in these pregnant animals was less severe than the disease seen in most pregnant women who come to clinical attention.…”

Section: Miscarriage and Stillbirth: The Role Of Antenatal Hev Infectionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Fetal and Neonatal Health Consequences of Vertically Transmitted Hepatitis E Virus Infection

Krain

Atwell

Nelson

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections lead to tens of thousands of deaths annually, mostly in developing countries. Hepatitis E poses a significant threat to the health of expectant mothers, a well-noted epidemiologic feature of the disease, but the contribution of vertically transmitted HEV infection to fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality has received limited attention. Evidence assembled to date suggests that mother-to-child HEV transmission may be frequent and deleterious to the fetus and newborn in pregnancies affected by hepatitis E. Additional work is required to resolve key questions. (1) What risks do subclinical maternal HEV infections and infections early in pregnancy pose to fetal health and development? (2) Does vertical transmission occur during labor and/or breastfeeding and contribute appreciably to neonatal morbidity and mortality? (3) How do treatment decisions for severely ill mothers affect fetal and neonatal outcomes? (4) Can maternal vaccination effectively prevent vertical transmission of HEV?

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Section: Miscarriage and Stillbirth: The Role Of Antenatal Hev Infectionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Fetal and Neonatal Health Consequences of Vertically Transmitted Hepatitis E Virus Infection

Krain

Atwell

Nelson

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The capsid protein of HEV contains the major antigenic epitopes of the viral particle (27,28) and is responsible for induc-tion of the protective humoral immune response (29). Thus, the antigenic structure of the protein must be finely characterized for vaccine design and selection of serodiagnostic antigens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Two Novel Linear B-Cell Epitopes in the Capsid Protein of Avian Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) That Are Common to Avian, Swine, and Human HEVs

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2015

J Virol

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Antisera raised against the avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) capsid protein are cross-reactive with human and swine HEV capsid proteins. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the avian HEV capsid protein, namely, 3E8 and 1B5, were shown to cross-react with the swine HEV capsid protein. The motifs involved in binding both MAbs were identified and characterized using phage display biopanning, peptide synthesis, and truncated or mutated protein expression, along with indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. The results showed that the I/VPHD motif is a necessary core sequence and that P and H are two key amino acids for recognition by MAb 3E8. The VKLYM/TS motif is the minimal amino acid sequence necessary for recognition by MAb 1B5. Cross-reactivity between the two epitopes and antibodies against avian, swine, and human HEVs in sera showed that both epitopes are common to avian, swine, and human HEVs. In addition, amino acid sequence alignment of the capsid proteins revealed that the key motifs of both novel epitopes are the same in HEVs from different animal species, predicting that they may be common to HEV isolates from boars, rabbits, rats, ferrets, mongooses, deer, and camels as well. Protein modeling analysis showed that both epitopes are at least partially exposed on the surface of the HEV capsid protein. Protective capacity analysis demonstrated that the two epitopes are nonprotective against avian HEV infection in chickens. Collectively, these studies characterize two novel linear B-cell epitopes common to avian, swine, and human HEVs, which furthers the understanding of HEV capsid protein antigenic structure. IMPORTANCEMore and more evidence indicates that the host range diversity of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a global public health concern. A better understanding of the antigenic structure of the HEV capsid protein may improve disease diagnosis and prevention. In this study, binding site mapping and localization as well as the antigenic biology of two novel linear B-cell epitopes common to several different species of HEV were characterized. These findings partially reveal the antigenic structure of the HEV capsid protein and provide potential applications for the development of diagnostics and interventions for HEV infection.H epatitis E is usually an acute and self-limiting disease in humans, is an epidemic in many developing countries in Asia and Africa (1-3), and occurs sporadically in some industrialized countries (4-6). The causative agent, hepatitis E virus (HEV), belongs to the Hepeviridae family and is a single-stranded, positivesense RNA virus. The viral genome contains three open reading frames (ORFs), ORF1, -2, and -3, encoding a viral nonstructural protein, a capsid protein, and a small multifunctional phosphoprotein (2, 7), respectively. The proteins encoded by ORF2 and ORF3 are produced from a bicistronic subgenomic (SG) mRNA, and the coding region of ORF2 overlaps ORF3, but neither overlaps ORF1 (8, 9). To date, complete genomes of m...

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“…Zakażenie u królików przebiega zwykle bezobjawowo. Jedyne zmiany towarzyszące infekcji to wzrost poziomu aminotransferazy alaninowej (ALT) oraz wieloogniskowe nacieki limfohistiocytarne i zmiany martwicze w wątrobie (26). Obecność HEV wykazano w stadach królików utrzymywanych m.in.…”

Section: Hev U Królików Fretek I Innych Gatunków Zwierzątunclassified

Hepatitis E virus in humans, farm animals and animals from the sylvatic environment

Bigoraj¹,

Rzeżutka²

2017

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Pathogenetic elements of hepatitis E and animal models of HEV infection

Cited by 69 publications

References 64 publications

Fetal and Neonatal Health Consequences of Vertically Transmitted Hepatitis E Virus Infection

Fetal and Neonatal Health Consequences of Vertically Transmitted Hepatitis E Virus Infection

Characterization of Two Novel Linear B-Cell Epitopes in the Capsid Protein of Avian Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) That Are Common to Avian, Swine, and Human HEVs

Hepatitis E virus in humans, farm animals and animals from the sylvatic environment

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