Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Factors; Especially Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses; Affect Chicken Digestive System Microbiota and Methods of Its Evaluation and Recovery: A review

Moša, Marek; Salem, Heba M.; Bastamy, Mostafa; Amer, M. M.

doi:10.21608/ejvs.2023.203480.1476

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…It is a fact that the poultry industry. In fact, there are many pathogens that high mortalities of birds and cause huge economic losses [49,50], and the widespread use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains [51], so the world has recently turned to applying strict hygienic measures side by side with usage of save antibiotic alternatives to overcome MDR problem via the usage of natural safe products such as prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotic, postbiotics, hyperimmune serum [52,53], herbal extracts, organic acids, essential oils, nano-preparations and other safe products to improve avian gut microbiome to compete pathogens [54], and finally enhance birds' productivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification of Resistance and Pathogenicity Genes of E. coli Isolated From Broiler Chicken Farms

Ahmed,

Salem,

Hamoud

et al. 2024

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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scherichia coli (E. coli) is a widespread avian pathogen and usually is considered as a secondary pathogen for different infectious agents causing huge financial losses in the poultry industry. Thus, the current works aim to molecular detection of resistance and pathogenicity genes of E. coli isolated from broiler chicken farms. A total of 18 flocks out of 30 broiler flocks (60%) were positive for E. coli infection. On the base of the Congo red (CR) binding assay, 15 flocks out of 18 were identified as pathogenic E. coli (83.3%) and 3 flocks appeared as nonpathogenic E. coli (16.6%). All pathogenic E. coli were subjected to in vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing to select the most resistant isolates. Ten pathogenic E. coli isolates representing ten different broiler flocks were subjected for molecular identification via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for both resistance and virulence genes. The most predominant isolated serotypes were O91, O128, O78, O124, O 2 and O44. These strains were related to EHEC, EPEC, ETEC, and EIEC. These E. coli isolates are multidrug resistant (MDR) to extensively drug-resistant (XDR). The virulence genes tsh, papC, iss, iutA, and hlyF were detected in 50% of isolates having 5 genes and 50% having 4 genes. All the tested isolates showed MDR genes 60% of isolates were positive for 5 resistance genes and 20% were positive for 4 resistance genes and 20% were positive for resistance 3 genes. We can conclude that E. coli continues to threaten poultry industry and further studies are recommended to found safe antibiotic natural alternatives to overcome E. coli MDR existing strains side by side with strengthening the bird's immunity and application of strict hygienic measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification of Resistance and Pathogenicity Genes of E. coli Isolated From Broiler Chicken Farms

Ahmed,

Salem,

Hamoud

et al. 2024

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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“…IBD is a widespread infectious disease caused by a virus that infects young chickens and weakens their immune system ( 18 , 19 ). It is caused by a birnavirus and mostly affects the bursa of Fabricius, an important organ in poultry for the growth of their immune systems ( 20 , 21 ). Multiple IBDV serotypes are frequently observed co-circulating on farms, with little cross-protection from the vaccination strain against unrelated field strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemicals: a promising approach to control infectious bursal disease

Tahir,

Alsayeqh

2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the dangerous diseases of poultry that affects the bursa of Fabricius, which is an important organ of the bird’s immune system. IBD virus is resistant to many drugs, making its control difficult. Vaccination of IBD is in practice for a long time worldwide to control IBD, but secondary issues like vaccine failure and lower efficacy lead to their reduced use in the field. Multiple medicines are currently used, but the phytochemicals have emerged as promising agents for controlling IBD. The drugs to be developed should possess direct antiviral properties by targeting viral entry mechanisms, enhancing the host immune response, and inhibiting viral protein synthesis. Phytochemicals have potential to contribute to food security by minimizing the possibility of disease outbreaks and ensuring that consumers worldwide obtain healthy poultry products. It has been now claimed that direct and indirect activities of phytochemicals can be effective in the control of IBDV. Although available evidence suggest that the phytochemicals can contribute in controlling occurrence IBDV, there is a definite need of focused studies to gain more insight and develop rational strategies for their practical use. This review highlights the disease caused by IBDV, inhibition of viral replication, boosting the immune system, disruption of viral membrane, and important phytochemicals showing antiviral activities against IBDV.

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Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota diversity in poultry before and after antibiotic administration

Prasolova,

Malik,

Timofeeva

et al. 2024

Veterinariâ segodnâ

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The diversity of gut microbiota is an important ecological resource that plays a key role in maintenance of the host homeostasis. It is extremely important to preserve the existing gut microbiota diversity, which ensures its resistance to the negative effects of abiotic factors, while the study of the antibiotic role in the disturbance of microbiota diversity is a fundamental basis used not only to identify aspects responsible for microbiota-associated poultry diseases, but also to learn techniques of microbiota management. This study gives a characteristic of poultry gut microbiota diversity before and after antibiotic administration based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Firmicutes and Bacteroidota species were predominantly detected in the chick microbiota during antibiotic administration and after its withdrawal. A significant increase in Patescibacteria abundance was observed on day 11 post enrofloxacin cessation. Actinobacteriota started appearing on day 11 after antibiotic discontinuation. An increase in Cyanobacteria abundance was detected on day 4 after the drug withdrawal. Taxonomic shifts in the chick microbial community structure at the class level both during the antibiotic treatment and after its withdrawal were observed. The abundance of Clostridia and Bacteroidia classes tended to decrease, while Bacilli class increased in its abundance, especially on day 8 after the drug withdrawal. It was found that a ten-day course of enrofloxacin treatment at the recommended doses leads to an increase in the abundance of Bacillaceae, Gastranaerophilales, Lactobacillaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae families, while the abundance of Rikenellaceae, Erysipelatoclostridiaceae, Clostridiaceae, Ruminococcaceae decreased and did not affect the abundance of Lachnospiraceae family. The revealed increase in the proportion of Lactobacillaceae during antibiotic treatment suggests the ability of a healthy organism to restore the microbiota balance. The results of metagenomic data bioinformatics (without truncation) showed the presence of 158 microorganism species in the chick microbiota, 38% of which were classified as nonculturable.

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Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Factors; Especially Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses; Affect Chicken Digestive System Microbiota and Methods of Its Evaluation and Recovery: A review

Cited by 4 publications

References 140 publications

Molecular Identification of Resistance and Pathogenicity Genes of E. coli Isolated From Broiler Chicken Farms

Molecular Identification of Resistance and Pathogenicity Genes of E. coli Isolated From Broiler Chicken Farms

Phytochemicals: a promising approach to control infectious bursal disease

Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota diversity in poultry before and after antibiotic administration

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