Pathogenic characterization of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida turbot isolate from China

Abstract

Aeromonas salmonicida is a non-motile gram-negative bacterium that is ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Of its five subspecies, A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is known as typical A. salmonicida, which is the most often detected subspecies in diseased fish (Daher et al., 2011). It causes severe septicaemia and acute mortality in susceptible salmonid hosts, whereas the subacute or chronic form of the disease is characterized by the furuncles in the musculature (the sign of furunculosis) (Austin & Austin, 2012). The other four subspecies are referred to as atypical A. salmonicida, and they are subsp. masoucida, subsp. achromogenes, subsp. smithia and subsp. pectinolytica. Their infection leads to atypical furunculosis, except subsp. pectinolytica, which is not a fish pathogen (Wiklund & Dalsgaard, 1998). The primary sign of an atypical A. salmonicida infection is skin ulceration. Lesions can range from whitish skin discoloration to deep skin ulcerations up to muscle necrosis (Noga, 2010). In recent years, atypical A. salmonicida strains are being recovered from an increasingly wide range of aquaculture fish,

Comparative genomic analysis provides insights into taxonomy and temperature adaption of Aeromonas salmonicida

“…However, a wide infection caused by A. salmonicida has been reported in different species of fish worldwide, including rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ), arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus ), brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ), brown trout ( Salmo trutta ), carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), goldfish ( Carassius auratus ), orange‐spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioiaes ) and sablefish ( Anoplopoma fimbria ) from Canada, USA, Switzerland, Norway, France, South Korea, Spain, Chile, China and so on (Bartkova et al, 2010; Charette et al, 2012; Evenberg et al, 1986; Huang, Qi, Zuo, Alias, & Xu, 2020; Humphrey & Ashburner, 1993; Pylkkö et al, 2005; Valderrama et al, 2019; Vasquez et al, 2020). In particular, it is worth noting that, more and more studies in China on infection (Lian et al, 2020; Meng et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2020), pathogenicity (Chen et al, 2022; Meng et al, 2017; Yi et al, 2022) and interaction with hosts of A. salmonicida (Huang, Qi, Zuo, Alias, & Xu, 2020; Long et al, 2015; Xia et al, 2022; Xue et al, 2021) have been reported in recent years, implying the popularity and importance of this bacterium in China.…”

“…. In particular, it is worth noting that, more and more studies in China on infection (Lian et al, 2020;Meng et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020), pathogenicity (Chen et al, 2022;Meng et al, 2017;Yi et al, 2022) and interaction with hosts of A. salmonicida (Huang, Qi, Zuo, Alias, & Xu, 2020;Long et al, 2015;Xia et al, 2022;Xue et al, 2021) have been reported in recent years, implying the popularity and importance of this bacterium in China.…”

Early Molecular Immune Responses of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) Following Infection with Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida

“…A. salmonicida affects mainly salmonid species, among which the Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) is considered the most susceptible species [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Nonetheless, A. salmonicida has been shown to infect many other fish species, both in freshwater and marine environments [ 13 ].…”

Feeding with poly(I:C) induced long-term immune responses against bacterial infection in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

“…In recent years, the farmed turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) is mainly threatened by the bacterial pathogens (e.g., the Edwardsiella piscicida (previously known as Edwardsiella tarda ) [8] and Aeromonas salmonicida [9] ), causing an enormous economic loss in this industry. To avoid the antibiotics resistant, and develop an effective immuno-therapy to prevent the diseases is urgent.…”