Pathogenic E. coli in the Food Chain across the Arab Countries: A Descriptive Review

Mohamed, Mohamed-Yousif Ibrahim; Habib, Ihab

doi:10.3390/foods12203726

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 94 publications

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“…Certain of these illnesses pose a considerable risk of death if not handled appropriately, hence it is crucial to combat them with highly potent antibiotics ( Rahal et al., 2012 ). Nevertheless, in recent times, the primary worry has been the rising instances of foodborne epidemics in high income nations, brought about by harmful E. coli present in tainted meat, fruits, and vegetables ( Mohamed and Habib, 2023 ). ExPEC is by far the leading cause of urinary tract infection (UTI) (hence the label uropathogenic E. coli [UPEC]) and bacteremia ( Russo and Johnson, 2003 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

A review of the mechanisms that confer antibiotic resistance in pathotypes of E. coli

Nasrollahian,

Graham,

Halaji

2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The dissemination of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli poses a significant threat to public health worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive update on the diverse mechanisms employed by E. coli in developing resistance to antibiotics. We primarily focus on pathotypes of E. coli (e.g., uropathogenic E. coli) and investigate the genetic determinants and molecular pathways that confer resistance, shedding light on both well-characterized and recently discovered mechanisms. The most prevalent mechanism continues to be the acquisition of resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer, facilitated by mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons. We discuss the role of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases in conferring resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, which remain vital in clinical practice. The review covers the key resistant mechanisms, including: 1) Efflux pumps and porin mutations that mediate resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides; 2) adaptive strategies employed by E. coli, including biofilm formation, persister cell formation, and the activation of stress response systems, to withstand antibiotic pressure; and 3) the role of regulatory systems in coordinating resistance mechanisms, providing insights into potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Understanding the intricate network of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in E. coli is crucial for the development of effective strategies to combat this growing public health crisis. By clarifying these mechanisms, we aim to pave the way for the design of innovative therapeutic approaches and the implementation of prudent antibiotic stewardship practices to preserve the efficacy of current antibiotics and ensure a sustainable future for healthcare.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the mechanisms that confer antibiotic resistance in pathotypes of E. coli

Nasrollahian,

Graham,

Halaji

2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Antibiotic Resistance in Fermented Foods Chain: Evaluating the Risks of Emergence of Enterococci as an Emerging Pathogen in Raw Milk Cheese

Chaves,

Salamandane,

Vieira

et al. 2024

International Journal of Microbiology

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Fermented foods, particularly fermented dairy products, offer significant health benefits but also present serious concerns. Probiotic bacteria, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), found in these foods have been strongly linked to the selection and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study aims to examine the potential risks associated with fermented foods, despite their importance in human nutrition, by analyzing the entire production chain from raw material acquisition to storage. Focusing on cheese production as a key fermented food, the study will investigate various aspects, including dairy farm management, milk acquisition, milk handling, and the application of good manufacturing practices (GMP) and good hygiene practices (GHP) in cheese production. The findings of this review highlight that ARGs found in LAB are similar to those observed in hygiene indicator bacteria like E. coli and pathogens like S. aureus. The deliberate use of antibiotics in dairy farms and the incorrect use of disinfectants in cheese factories contribute to the prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in cheeses. Cheese factories, with their high frequency of horizontal gene transfer, are environments where the microbiological diversity of raw milk can enhance ARG transfer. The interaction between the raw milk microbiota and other environmental microbiotas, facilitated by cross‐contamination, increases metabolic communication between bacteria, further promoting ARG transfer. Understanding these bacterial and ARG interactions is crucial to ensure food safety for consumers.

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Chloramphenicol Residues and Bacterial Contamination in Farmed African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from Banyuwangi Traditional Markets: A Risk Assessment

Ulkhaq,

Kenconojati,

Budi

et al. 2024

J. Med. Vet.

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This study aimed to determine chloramphenicol residues and bacterial contamination (Aerobic Plate Count-APC, Escherichia coli count, Salmonella sp., and Vibrio cholerae) in farmed African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) that are marketed in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. A total of ninety samples of C. gariepinus were collected from several markets in Banyuwangi, namely, Kertosari, Blambangan, and Banyuwangi Kota. Using standard procedures, APC, E. coli count, Salmonella sp., V. cholerae, and chloramphenicol residues were determined. 36.37% of samples from Kertosari markets; 23.33% of samples from Banyuwangi Kota markets; and 16.67% of samples from Blambangan markets contained chloramphenicol residues, but less than 0.3 ppb. Only 40% of samples from Kertosari markets, 36.67% of samples from Banyuwangi Kota markets, and 26.67% of samples from Blambangan markets were contaminated by E. coli, but were less than 3 MPNg-1. The highest APC was from Banyuwangi Kota, followed by Kertosari and Blambangan. No samples were contaminated by Salmonella sp. and V. cholerae from any of the markets, and there was no significant difference between all markets in APC, E. coli count, or chloramphenicol residues. All farmed catfish marketed in Banyuwangi were safe to eat because no samples exceeded the maximum chloramphenicol residue and bacterial contaminant standards. Further studies are needed to detect other antibiotic residues used in aquaculture, including tetracycline, sulphonamide, enrofloxacin, and nitrofuran.

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Pathogenic E. coli in the Food Chain across the Arab Countries: A Descriptive Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 94 publications

A review of the mechanisms that confer antibiotic resistance in pathotypes of E. coli

A review of the mechanisms that confer antibiotic resistance in pathotypes of E. coli

Antibiotic Resistance in Fermented Foods Chain: Evaluating the Risks of Emergence of Enterococci as an Emerging Pathogen in Raw Milk Cheese

Chloramphenicol Residues and Bacterial Contamination in Farmed African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from Banyuwangi Traditional Markets: A Risk Assessment

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