Pathogenic fungus contributes to amphibian losses in the pacific northwest

Saprolegniosis in salmonids and their eggs in Japan

“…It has been established that fungi belonging to the genus Saprolegnia are principally associated with fungal infections of freshwater fishes, fish eggs, amphibians and reptiles (Willoughby, 1970(Willoughby, , 1978(Willoughby, , 1994Hatai and Hoshiai, 1992a, b;Bly et al, 1992;Blausteine et al, 1994;Kitancharoen et al, 1995Kitancharoen et al, , 1997. In the genus Saprolegnia, S. parasitica is the most important fungal parasite of fish (Neish and Hughes, 1980;Beakes et al, 1994) and has consistently been isolated as a pathogen of epizootics and mass mortalities, especially in cultured trout and salmon (Willoughby, 1978;Hatai and Hoshiai 1992a, b).…”

Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of two Saprolegnia sp. (Oomycetes) isolated from silver crucian carp and zebra fish

“…S. ferax, S. diclina (Blaustein et al 1994;Kiesecker et al 2001;Ferná ndez-Bené itez et al 2008). Kitancharoen et al (1997) and Fregeneda-Grandes et al (2007) also reported a group of Saprolegnia isolates mostly isolated from fish eggs assigned to S. diclina, on the basis of their morphological characteristics.…”

Anuran Amphibians: A Huge and Threatened Factory of a Variety of Active Peptides with Potential Nanobiotechnological Applications in the Face of Amphibian Decline

“…Several long-term studies performed on intact natural ecosystems such as Yellowstone National Park and Sierra Nevada of California in United States (Noss et al, 2002;Vredenburg et al, 2007), Eungella National Park in Australia (McDonald, 1990), and Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve in Costa Rica (Pounds et al, 1997) show a worldwide decline in amphibian species in the last two decades. Populations of many species of frogs have declined dramatically in relatively undisturbed habitats at high altitudes and anthropized areas throughout the world (Blaustein & Wake, 1990, 1995Blaustein et al, 1994;Bradford, 1991;Campbell, 1999;Carey, 1993;Collins & Storfer 2003;Crump et al, 1992;Czechura & Ingram, 1990;Hero et al, 2005;Kiesecker et al, 2001;McDonald, 1990;McMenamin et al, 2008;Pounds, 2001;Reading, 2007;Richards et al, 1993;Skerratt et al, 2007;Stuart et al, 2004;Young et al, 2001). A map produced by IUCN shows the global distribution of threatened amphibians (Figure 2) revealing that the greatest concentration of threatened amphibian are in relatively limited areas dominated by species living within specific ranges, often living in mountainous areas.…”