Pathogenic pathways and therapeutic targets of inflammation in heart diseases: A focus on Interleukin‐1

Abstract

BackgroundAn exuberant and dysregulated inflammatory response contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).MethodsThis narrative review includes original articles and reviews published over the past 20 years and found through PubMed. The following search terms (or combination of terms) were considered: “acute pericarditis,” “recurrent pericarditis,” “myocarditis,” “cardiac sarcoidosis,” “atherosclerosis,” “acute myocardial infarction,” “inflammation,” “NLRP3 inflammasome,” “Interleukin‐1” and “treatment.”ResultsRecent evidence supports the role of inflammation across a wide spectrum of CVDs including myocarditis, pericarditis, inflammatory cardiomyopathies (i.e. cardiac sarcoidosis) as well as atherosclerotic CVD and heart failure. Interleukins (ILs) are the signalling mediators of the inflammatory response. The NACHT, leucine‐rich repeat and pyrin‐domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome play a key role in producing IL‐1β, the prototypical pro‐inflammatory cytokine involved in CVDs. Other pro‐inflammatory cytokines (e.g. tumour necrosis factor) have been implicated in cardiac sarcoidosis. As a proof of this, IL‐1 blockade has been proven efficacious in pericarditis and chronic coronary syndrome.ConclusionTailored strategies aiming at quenching the inflammatory response have emerged as promising to treat CVDs. In this review article, we summarize recent evidence regarding the role of inflammation across a broad spectrum of CVDs. We also review novel evidence regarding targeted therapeutic strategies.

Prognostic Value of Inflammatory Cytokines in Predicting Hospital Readmissions in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

“… 23 Also, Interleukin-1 is involved in pathogenic pathways and is a therapeutic target for inflammation in heart disease. 24 Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has been suggested to be involved in cardiac remodelling after ischaemia and impairment in ventricular contractility and relaxation. 25 , 26 IL-6 initiates the leucocyte infiltration.…”

Interleukin-1 Blockers: A Paradigm Shift in the Treatment of Recurrent Pericarditis

“…Typical examples of diseases attributed to autoinflammatory mechanisms encompass familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) [ 1 , 5 , 9 , 52 , 53 ]. The common denominator of the latter disorders is an exaggerated production of IL-1 due to a dysregulated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome [ 1 , 5 , 9 , 50 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

“…[ 58 ]. The NLRP3 inflammasome, through its main product, IL-1β, plays a central role in clinical manifestations [ 1 , 5 , 9 , 50 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

“…Its activation promotes the release of IL-1β. IL-1 subtypes then activate the IL-1 receptor, resulting in an enhanced inflammatory response [ 1 , 5 , 9 , 50 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology Welcomes New Associates

“…He has contributed to hundreds of peer-reviewed publications related to his investigator-initiated research on the role of interleukin-1 and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases that has been funded by the National Institute of Health and the American Heart Association, in addition to his industry-sponsored research. 2–5 During his career, Dr Abbate has received multiple awards for his research, teaching, and mentoring, including the inaugural Thames-Kontos Distinguished Mentor Award from the School of Medicine at VCU, and was named among the Top Cardiologists in the country by Forbes Magazine. Dr Abbate is board-certified in Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, and Cardio-Oncology and is a Fellow of the American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and European Society of Cardiology.…”