Pathogenic Potential of Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae

Sarkar, Amit; Nandy, Ranjan Kumar; Ghose, A.M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-265-0_13

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Some VC_NAG strains reportedly produce NAG‐specific ST, which has similar properties to the ST produced by enterotoxigenic E. coli (27), and has caused an outbreak of cholera‐like illness in southeast Asian countries . Other studies have found that from 2.0% to 13.0% of VC_NAG strains of clinical or environmental origins from various geographical regions carry the NAG‐ST gene ( st ) . In the present study, VC_NAG strains carrying st gene were found in 17% (17/100) strains, which is a higher ratio than that reported previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…Vibrio cholerae non‐O1, non‐O139 strains are principally nonpathogenic in nature; however, increasing numbers of sporadic cases and outbreaks of diarrhea in humans have been attributed to VC_NAG strains in different parts of the world . The presence of ctxAB genes and production of CT have been documented in a number of VC_NAG strains from both clinical and environmental sources ; however, many VC_NAG strains isolated from humans have failed to produce CT or were lacking the structural genes for CT .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation of New Delhi metallo‐β‐lactamase 1‐producing Vibrio cholerae non‐O1, non‐O139 strain carrying ctxA, st and hly genes in southern Vietnam

Nguyen

et al. 2015

Microbiology and Immunology

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Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 (VC_NAG) organisms are universally present in the aquatic environment and regarded as non-pathogenic bacteria. However, considering that they do occasionally induce gastroenteritis, a study of their virulence and antibiotic resistance genes is important. The presence of enteropathogenic genes, including ctxA, VC_NAG-specific heat-stable toxin gene (st), hemolysin (hly), and zona occludens toxin (zot) was determined by PCR in 100 VC_NAG strains isolated in southern Vietnam in 2010-2013 from 94 environmental and six human origins. These 100 VC_NAG strains were also tested phenotypically and genotypically for the presence of the New Delhi metallo-b-lactamase (NDM-1). Of the 100 VC_NAG strains tested, six were positive for ctxA; five from the environment and one of human origin. The st gene was detected in 17 isolates, 15 and two of which were of environmental and human origins, respectively. Gene hly was detected in 19 VC_NAG strains examined, two of which were isolated from humans and 17 from environments. The zot gene was not detected in any of the strains tested. Three VC_NAG strains of environmental origin were confirmed to produce NDM-1 and the bla NDM-1 gene was detected in those strains by PCR. Of note, one of the three NDM-1-producing VC_NAG strains was confirmed to carry ctxA, st and hly genes concurrently. This is the first report of isolation of NDM-1-producing VC_NAG strains in Vietnam.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of New Delhi metallo‐β‐lactamase 1‐producing Vibrio cholerae non‐O1, non‐O139 strain carrying ctxA, st and hly genes in southern Vietnam

Nguyen

et al. 2015

Microbiology and Immunology

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Pandemic Serotypes of Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Ships’ Ballast Tanks and Coastal Waters: Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes (tcpA and ctxA)

et al. 2013

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There is concern that ships' ballasting operations may disseminate Vibrio cholerae to ports throughout the world. Given evidence that the bacterium is indeed transported by ships, we isolated pandemic serotypes O1 and O139 from ballast tanks and characterized them with respect to antibiotic resistance and virulence genes ctxA and tcpA. We carried out concurrent studies with V. cholerae isolated from coastal waters. Of 284 isolates, 30 were serotype O1 and 59 were serotype O139. These serotypes were overrepresented in ballast tanks relative to the coastal waters sampled. All locations, whether coastal waters or ballast tanks, yielded samples from which serotype O1, O139, or both were isolated. There were three groups among the 62 isolates for which antibiotic characterization was conclusive: those exhibiting β-lactamase activity and resistance to at least one of the 12 antibiotics tested; those negative for β-lactamase but having antibiotic resistance; those negative for β-lactamase and registering no antibiotic resistance. When present, antibiotic resistance in nearly all cases was to ampicillin; resistance to multiple antibiotics was uncommon. PCR assays revealed that none of the isolates contained the ctxA gene and only two isolates, one O139 and one O1, contained the tcpA gene; both isolates originated from ballast water. These results support the bacteriological regulations proposed by the International Maritime Association for discharged ballast water.

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Role of Bacteriophage-Encoded Exotoxins in the Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens

Casas

Maloy²

2011

Future Microbiol.

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Recent advances in metagenomics research have generated a bounty of information that provides insight into the dynamic genetic exchange occurring between bacteriophage (phage) and their bacterial hosts. Metagenomic studies of the microbiomes from a variety of environments have shown that many of the genes sequenced are of phage origin. Among these genes are phage-encoded exotoxin genes. When phage that carry these genes infect an appropriate bacterial host, the bacterium undergoes lysogenic conversion, converting the bacterium from an avirulent strain to a pathogen that can cause human disease. Transfer of the exotoxin genes between bacteria has been shown to occur in marine environments, animal and human intestines and sewage treatment plants. Surprisingly, phage that encode exotoxin genes are commonly found in environments that lack the cognate bacteria commonly associated with the specific toxin-mediated disease and have been found to be associated with alternative environmental bacterial hosts. These findings suggest that the exotoxin genes may play a beneficial role for the bacterial host in nature, and that this environmental reservoir of exotoxin genes may play a role in the evolution of new bacterial pathogens.

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Pathogenic Potential of Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae

Cited by 3 publications

References 140 publications

Isolation of New Delhi metallo‐β‐lactamase 1‐producing Vibrio cholerae non‐O1, non‐O139 strain carrying ctxA, st and hly genes in southern Vietnam

Isolation of New Delhi metallo‐β‐lactamase 1‐producing Vibrio cholerae non‐O1, non‐O139 strain carrying ctxA, st and hly genes in southern Vietnam

Pandemic Serotypes of Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Ships’ Ballast Tanks and Coastal Waters: Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes (tcpA and ctxA)

Role of Bacteriophage-Encoded Exotoxins in the Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens

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