Pathogenic Providencia alcalifaciens Strain that Causes Fatal Hemorrhagic Pneumonia in Piglets

Wang, Xinglong; Wang, Jinqiu; Hao, Hiroyuki; Qiu, Li; Liu, Haijing; Chen, Shengli; Dang, Ruyi; Yang, Zhicong

doi:10.1007/s00284-013-0470-y

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Finally, at day 84 and day 100, only K. pneumoniae and P. alcalifaciens were recoverable under the conditions tested. This is a particularly interesting result because all the surviving organisms are documented pathogens and are frequently drug resistant (16–18).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…K. pneumoniae is a significant pathogen and represents the ‘K’ in the ESCKAPE pathogens, a group of organisms frequently resistant to multiple antibiotics (16). K. oxytoca and P. alcalifaciens are also opportunistic pathogens and are frequently drug resistant (17, 18). Oral K. pneumoniae was recently shown to induce inflammation and dysbiosis in the gut after ectopic colonization, and it was hypothesized that the oral cavity provides a reservoir for would-be intestinal pathogens, such as Klebsiella (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Klebsiella and Providencia emerge as lone survivors following long-term starvation of oral microbiota

Baker

Hendrickson

Tang

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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It is well-understood that many bacteria have evolved to survive catastrophic events using a variety of mechanisms, which include expression of stress-response genes, quiescence, necrotrophy, and metabolic advantages obtained through mutation. However, the dynamics of individuals leveraging these abilities to gain a competitive advantage in an ecologically complex setting remain unstudied. In this study, we observed the saliva microbiome throughout the ecological perturbation of long-term starvation, allowing only the species best equipped to access and use the limited resources to survive. During the first several days, the community underwent a death phase that resulted in a ∼50–100-fold reduction in the number of viable cells. Interestingly, after this death phase, only three species,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Klebsiella oxytoca, andProvidencia alcalifaciens, all members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, appeared to be transcriptionally active and recoverable.Klebsiellaare significant human pathogens, frequently resistant to multiple antibiotics, and recently, ectopic colonization of the gut by oralKlebsiellawas documented to induce dysbiosis and inflammation. MetaOmics analyses provided several leads for further investigation regarding the ecological success of the Enterobacteriaceae. The isolates accumulated single nucleotide polymorphisms in known growth advantage in stationary phase alleles and produced natural products closely resembling antimicrobial cyclic depsipeptides. The results presented in this study suggest that pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae persist much longer than their more benign neighbors in the salivary microbiome when faced with starvation. This is particularly significant, given that hospital surfaces contaminated with oral fluids, especially sinks and drains, are well-established sources of outbreaks of drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Klebsiella and Providencia emerge as lone survivors following long-term starvation of oral microbiota

Baker

Hendrickson

Tang

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Among these, of particular epidemiological importance for pigs are bacteria of the genera Escherichia (20), Salmonella (12), Enterobacter (30), Proteus (8), Citrobacter (9,23) and Providencia (7,32). Strains belonging to these genera were isolated from the cecum and colon of the four experimental groups whose diet was supplemented with a pre-and/or probiotic.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of inulin and a probiotic supplement in the diet of pigs on selected traits of the gastrointestinal microbiome

Grela¹,

Kowalczyk-Pecka²,

Hańczakowska³

et al. 2016

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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SummaryThe addition of inulin and/or a probiotic to feed mixtures for pigs can lead to changes in microflora composition and production of short-chain organic acids (SCFA) in the final segment of the digestive tract. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of an inulin and/or a probiotic supplement on Enterobacteriaceae taxa, the susceptibility of the bacteria to six antibiotics, and SCFA content in the cecum and colon, as well as changes in the histological structure of the intestines. The experiment was conducted on 80 fattening pigs with an initial body weight of 30.0 ± 0.5 kg, divided into 4 groups: control (I-C) and three experimental ones, fed the diets either with a probiotic (group II-P), inulin (III-I) or a both additives (group IV-PI). The animals were given ad libitum access to grower (30-70 kg) and finisher (71-115 kg) feed mixtures. During slaughter, from 8 pigs of each group, samples of contents and tissue from the cecum and colon were collected for laboratory analysis. The results of the study indicate differences in the expression of antibiotic resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae isolates depending on the type of dietary supplement. The inulin supplement caused changes in SCFA concentration, mainly an increase in the concentration of propionic and butyric acid, and also increased the thickness of the muscular layer.The synbiotic (mixture of prebiotics and probiotics) was confirmed to have a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal microbiome, which may be of significance in preventing the spread of Enterobacteriaceae infections in pigs.

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“…5 Importantly, many Providencia species are becoming resistant to various types of antibiotics including the tetracyclines, the penicillins, and the cephalosporins. 6 To date, the genus Providencia consists of eight species, which differ significantly in the carbohydrate compositions of their O-antigens. 1 The Oantigens are the outermost components of the bacterial lipopolysaccharides that are highly variable from species to species.…”

Section: Endocarditis 4 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although human infections by these bacteria are relatively rare and typically nosocomial, there have been recent reports linking Providencia exposure to human pericarditis, meningitis, endocarditis, and food poisoning outbreaks . Importantly, many Providencia species are becoming resistant to various types of antibiotics including the tetracyclines, the penicillins, and the cephalosporins …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular structure of an N‐formyltransferase from Providencia alcalifaciensO30

et al. 2015

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The existence of N-formylated sugars in the O-antigens of Gram-negative bacteria has been known since the middle 1980s, but only recently have the biosynthetic pathways for their production been reported. In these pathways, glucose-1-phosphate is first activated by attachment to a dTMP moiety. This step is followed by a dehydration reaction and an amination. The last step in these pathways is catalyzed by N-formyltransferases that utilize N 10 -formyltetrahydrofolate as the carbon source. Here we describe the three-dimensional structure of one of these N-formyltransferases, namely VioF from Providencia alcalifaciens O30. Specifically, this enzyme catalyzes the conversion of dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxyglucose (dTDP-Qui4N) to dTDP-4,6-dideoxy-4-formamido-Dglucose (dTDP-Qui4NFo). For this analysis, the structure of VioF was solved to 1.9 Å resolution in both its apoform and in complex with tetrahydrofolate and dTDP-Qui4N. The crystals used in the investigation belonged to the space group R32 and demonstrated reticular merohedral twinning. The overall catalytic core of the VioF subunit is characterized by a six stranded mixed b-sheet flanked on one side by three a-helices and on the other side by mostly random coil. This Nterminal domain is followed by an a-helix and a b-hairpin that form the subunit:subunit interface. The active site of the enzyme is shallow and solvent-exposed. Notably, the pyranosyl moiety of dTDP-Qui4N is positioned into the active site by only one hydrogen bond provided by Lys 77. Comparison of the VioF model to that of a previously determined N-formyltransferase suggests that substrate specificity is determined by interactions between the protein and the pyrophosphoryl group of the dTDP-sugar substrate.

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Pathogenic Providencia alcalifaciens Strain that Causes Fatal Hemorrhagic Pneumonia in Piglets

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Klebsiella and Providencia emerge as lone survivors following long-term starvation of oral microbiota

Klebsiella and Providencia emerge as lone survivors following long-term starvation of oral microbiota

Effect of inulin and a probiotic supplement in the diet of pigs on selected traits of the gastrointestinal microbiome

Molecular structure of an N‐formyltransferase from Providencia alcalifaciensO30

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