Pathogenic synergy: mixed infections in the oral cavity

Steenbergen, T. J. M. van; Winkelhoff, A.J. van; Graaff, J. de

doi:10.1007/bf02386241

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…12 The polymicrobial nature and potential involvement of biofilms in chronic wound infections may be analogous to periodontal disease, where a diverse community of microorganisms acting in consort over time results in a chronic infection. 13 Although the role of polymicrobial biofilm communities in preventing wound healing remains unclear, this study provides evidence that these biofilms are prevalent in chronic wounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biofilms in chronic wounds

James

Swogger

Wolcott

et al. 2007

Wound Repair Regeneration

1,309

1,067

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Chronic wounds including diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and venous leg ulcers are a worldwide health problem. It has been speculated that bacteria colonizing chronic wounds exist as highly persistent biofilm communities. This research examined chronic and acute wounds for biofilms and characterized microorganisms inhabiting these wounds. Chronic wound specimens were obtained from 77 subjects and acute wound specimens were obtained from 16 subjects. Culture data were collected using standard clinical techniques. Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to analyze 50 of the chronic wound specimens and the 16 acute wound specimens. Molecular analyses were performed on the remaining 27 chronic wound specimens using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequence analysis. Of the 50 chronic wound specimens evaluated by microscopy, 30 were characterized as containing biofilm (60%), whereas only one of the 16 acute wound specimens was characterized as containing biofilm (6%). This was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Molecular analyses of chronic wound specimens revealed diverse polymicrobial communities and the presence of bacteria, including strictly anaerobic bacteria, not revealed by culture. Bacterial biofilm prevalence in specimens from chronic wounds relative to acute wounds observed in this study provides evidence that biofilms may be abundant in chronic wounds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biofilms in chronic wounds

James

Swogger

Wolcott

et al. 2007

Wound Repair Regeneration

1,309

1,067

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“…Hence this biofilm mode growth implies that such bacterial colonies behave as integrated communities and play a role in chronic biofilm-associated infections. Thus the emerging paradigm supports the induction of disease due to pathogen synergy [14]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biofilm Community: Rebels with a Cause

Aruni

Dou

Mishra

et al. 2015

Curr Oral Health Rep

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Oral Biofilms are one of the most complex and diverse ecosystem developed by successive colonization of more than 600 bacterial taxa. Development starts with the attachment of early colonizers such as Actinomyces species and oral streptococci on the acquired pellicle and tooth enamel. These bacteria not only adhere to tooth surface but also interact with each other and lay foundation for attachment of bridging colonizer such as Fusobacterium nucleatum followed by late colonizers including the red complex species: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola-the founders of periodontal disease. As the biofilm progresses from supragingival sites to subgingival sites, the environment changes from aerobic to anaerobic thus favoring the growth of mainly Gram-negative obligate anaerobes while restricting the growth of the early Gram-positive facultative aerobes. Microbes present at supragingival level are mainly related to gingivitis and root-caries whereas subgingival species advance the destruction of teeth supporting tissues and thus causing periodontitis. This review summarizes our present understanding and recent developments on the characteristic features of supra- and subgingival biofilms, interaction between different genera and species of bacteria constituting these biofilms and draws our attention to the role of some of the recently discovered members of the oral community.

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“…Infections originating in the oral cavity are complex because of the presence of a large numbers of bacterial species [12, 13], which makes it difficult to determine the bacteria involved in most oral infections. As previously stated, there are 3 current theories regarding the formation of POMCs, and the relationship between the formation of POMCs, their progression, and bacteria is not well understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis of Bacterial Flora in Postoperative Maxillary Cyst Fluid by 16S rRNA Gene and Culture Methods

et al. 2012

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Intracystic fluid was aseptically collected from 11 patients with postoperative maxillary cyst (POMC), and DNA was extracted from the POMC fluid. Bacterial species were identified by sequencing after cloning of approximately 580 bp of the 16S rRNA gene. Identification of pathogenic bacteria was also performed by culture methods. The phylogenetic identity was determined by sequencing 517–596 bp in each of the 1139 16S rRNA gene clones. A total of 1114 clones were classified while the remaining 25 clones were unclassified. A total of 103 bacterial species belonging to 42 genera were identified in POMC fluid samples by 16S rRNA gene analysis. Species of Prevotella (91%), Neisseria (73%), Fusobacterium (73%), Porphyromonas (73%), and Propionibacterium (73%) were found to be highly prevalent in all patients. Streptococcus mitis (64%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (55%), Propionibacterium acnes (55%), Staphylococcus capitis (55%), and Streptococcus salivarius (55%) were detected in more than 6 of the 11 patients. The results obtained by the culture method were different from those obtained by 16S rRNA gene analysis, but both approaches may be necessary for the identification of pathogens, especially of bacteria that are difficult to detect by culture methods, and the development of rational treatments for patients with POMC.

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Pathogenic synergy: mixed infections in the oral cavity

Cited by 44 publications

References 52 publications

Biofilms in chronic wounds

Biofilms in chronic wounds

The Biofilm Community: Rebels with a Cause

Comprehensive Analysis of Bacterial Flora in Postoperative Maxillary Cyst Fluid by 16S rRNA Gene and Culture Methods

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