Pathogenic Variability of Meloidogyne incognita Populations Occurring in Pepper-Production Greenhouses in Israel Toward Me1, Me3 and N Pepper Resistance Genes

Abstract

Natural variation in the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is problematic for breeding programs: populations possessing similar morphological characteristics can produce different reactions on the same host. We collected 30 widely dispersed M. incognita populations from protected pepper production systems in major pepper-growing regions of Israel and accurately identified their virulence characteristics by modified differential host test in a growth chamber on tomato, tobacco, cotton, melon, pepper, and peanut. Galling indices and reproduction were determined on the different hosts. All populations fit the published scheme for M. incognita race 2, except for reproduction on cotton plants by five out of 25 tested M. incognita populations, indicating host-range variations. Reaction of three genes that confer resistance to M. incognita—Me1, Me3 and N—to the collected populations was evaluated. Several M. incognita populations induced galling and reproduced successfully on pepper genotypes carrying Me3 and N, whereas plant resistance conferred by Me1 was more robust for all examined populations. Moreover, the effect of genetic background on Me1 resistance demonstrated a relative advantage of several genotypes in nematode infestations. Efficiency of Me3 under local nematode infestation was further studied with a homozygous line carrying two Me3 alleles. Reproduction of virulent populations on the homozygotes (Me3/Me3) and heterozygotes (Me3/Me3+) was similar, suggesting a limited quantitative effect of Me3. These results present the first characterization of host range, reproduction, and molecular aspects of M. incognita from Israel and highlight the importance of taking a multidimensional approach in pepper-breeding programs for resistance to M. incognita.

Resistant Pepper Carrying N, Me1, and Me3 have Different Effects on Penetration and Reproduction of Four Major Meloidogyne species

“…be resistant to the nematode. It has been reported that the resistance mediated by the Me1 gene to M. incognita was more durable than that mediated by Me3 or the N gene (Sánchez-Solana et al, 2016;Bucki et al, 2017). Our greenhouse data showed that M. incognita slightly reproduced (RF = 0.9) on HDA-330 (Me1), though it was not statistically greater than the other resistant lines.…”

“…Our greenhouse data showed that M. incognita slightly reproduced (RF = 0.9) on HDA-330 (Me1), though it was not statistically greater than the other resistant lines. Populations of M. incognita have been reported to break resistance in pepper lines carrying the Me3 and N gene (Castagnone-Sereno et al, 2001;Piedra Buena et al, 2005;Thies, 2011). The M. arenaria-resistant pepper lines Charleston Belle, HDA-149, HDA-330, PM-217, and PM-687 exhibited high resistance to M. arenaria race 1.…”

“…Meloidogyne haplanaria is a recently described species from the southern USA that is known to overcome the widely used Mi gene in tomato, but has not been evaluated against resistance genes from other solonacious crops (Eisenback et al, 2003, Bendezu et al, 2004, Joseph et al, 2016. Due to the well documented hyper variability of the MIG species, and their ability to break resistance in pepper lines carrying the Me3 and N genes (Castagnone-Sereno et al, 2001;Thies, 2011, Bucki et al, 2017, it is imperative to continue assessing the existing resistant pepper lines against different populations and species of Meloidogyne. The aim of this study was to examine the penetration and reproduction responses of HDA-149, HDA-330, PM-217, and PM-687 to M. incognita race 3, M. arenaria race 1, M. javanica, and M. haplanaria, and compared their responses to the Meloidogyneresistant cultivars, Yolo Wonder B and Charleston Belle (Fery et al, 1998).…”

Allelopathic Effect of Bidens Pilosa on Seed Germination and Growth of Amaranthus Dubius

“…Different amounts of fresh leaves of B. pilosa (20g, 40g, 60g, 80g, and 100g) were incorporated into the soil during sowing and each treatment was replicated in four pots. The control pots and the pots with B. pilosa leaves were all be supplied with 500ml tap water daily according to procedure by Bucki, et al [13] …”

Physical Localization of the Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) Resistance Locus Me7 in Pepper (Capsicum annuum)

“…In pepper, at least 10 dominant genes, Me1 to Me7 , Mech1 , Mech2 and N have been reported to confer resistance to Meloidogyne spp. (Wang and Bosland, 2006; Djian-Caporalino et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2009; Bucki et al, 2017). Me1 , Me3 , Me7 , and N confer resistance to a wide range of RKNs, including M. arenaria , M. javanica , and M. incognita .…”