Pathogenicity &amp; virulence of<i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i>

Zimmer, Fernanda M.A. Leal; Paes, Jéssica Andrade; Zaha, Arnaldo; Ferreira, Henrique Bunselmeyer

doi:10.1080/21505594.2020.1842659

Cited by 42 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 170 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Currently, 23 entirely sequenced M. hyopneumoniae genomes are available, 11 already assembled and annotated, and 12 not fully assembled. In general, the genomes are small in size, namely 0.86–0.96 Mb, and in each of them, there are 528 to 691 protein-encoding genes [ 11 ]. Despite the small genome, up to 30% of the gene content is still of unknown function [ 12 ].…”

Section: Interactions Of M Hyopneumoniae With the Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proteolytic processing of adhesins can shape the bacterial surface architecture [ 19 ], generating several adhesin proteoforms, that may exert alternative functions. Some of them are displayed at the cell surface, while others may stay in the cytoplasm or be released from the cell membrane to the extracellular milieu [ 11 ].…”

Section: Interactions Of M Hyopneumoniae With the Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from the cilia-exposed glycans, some swine extracellular matrix molecules, such as fibronectin and plasminogen, also provide binding sites for surface adhesins of M. hyopneumoniae [ 11 ]. The fibronectin- and plasminogen-binding ability of M. hyopneumoniae may mediate subsequent adherence to swine respiratory cilia.…”

Section: Interactions Of M Hyopneumoniae With the Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Perspectives for improvement of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines in pigs

Maes

Boyen

Devriendt

et al. 2021

Vet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is one of the primary agents involved in the porcine respiratory disease complex, economically one of the most important diseases in pigs worldwide. The pathogen adheres to the ciliated epithelium of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, causes damage to the mucosal clearance system, modulates the immune system and renders the animal more susceptible to other respiratory infections. The pathogenesis is very complex and not yet fully understood. Cell-mediated and likely also mucosal humoral responses are considered important for protection, although infected animals are not able to rapidly clear the pathogen from the respiratory tract. Vaccination is frequently practiced worldwide to control M. hyopneumoniae infections and the associated performance losses, animal welfare issues, and treatment costs. Commercial vaccines are mostly bacterins that are administered intramuscularly. However, the commercial vaccines provide only partial protection, they do not prevent infection and have a limited effect on transmission. Therefore, there is a need for novel vaccines that confer a better protection. The present paper gives a short overview of the pathogenesis and immune responses following M. hyopneumoniae infection, outlines the major limitations of the commercial vaccines and reviews the different experimental M. hyopneumoniae vaccines that have been developed and tested in mice and pigs. Most experimental subunit, DNA and vector vaccines are based on the P97 adhesin or other factors that are important for pathogen survival and pathogenesis. Other studies focused on bacterins combined with novel adjuvants. Very few efforts have been directed towards the development of attenuated vaccines, although such vaccines may have great potential. As cell-mediated and likely also humoral mucosal responses are important for protection, new vaccines should aim to target these arms of the immune response. The selection of proper antigens, administration route and type of adjuvant and carrier molecule is essential for success. Also practical aspects, such as cost of the vaccine, ease of production, transport and administration, and possible combination with vaccines against other porcine pathogens, are important. Possible avenues for further research to develop better vaccines and to achieve a more sustainable control of M. hyopneumoniae infections are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Interactions Of M Hyopneumoniae With the Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interactions Of M Hyopneumoniae With the Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interactions Of M Hyopneumoniae With the Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Perspectives for improvement of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines in pigs

Maes

Boyen

Devriendt

et al. 2021

Vet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among them, available inactivated vaccines, based mainly on J strain, do not provide complete protection against lung lesions ( 9 , 10 ). It has been recently demonstrated that M. hyopneumoniae can evade the host's immune protection by surface antigenic variation, inhibiting the complement activation pathway ( 11 , 12 ). Moreover, more and more studies have revealed that mucosal immunity and cellular immunity play a major role in immune defense against M. hyopneumoniae ( 13 , 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Strain ES-2 and Comparative Genomic Analysis of ES-2 and Its Attenuated Form ES-2L

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes swine respiratory disease worldwide. Due to the difficulty of isolating and cultivating M. hyopneumoniae, very few attenuated strains have been successfully isolated, which hampers the development of attenuated vaccines. In order to produce an attenuated M. hyopneumoniae strain, we used the highly virulent M. hyopneumoniae strain ES-2, which was serially passaged in vitro 200 times to produce the attenuated strain ES-2L, and its virulence was evidenced to be low in an animal experiment. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying virulence attenuation, we performed whole-genome sequencing of both strains and conducted comparative genomic analyses of strain ES-2 and its attenuated form ES-2L. Strain ES-2L showed three large fragment deletion regions including a total of 18 deleted genes, compared with strain ES-2. Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels indicated that 22 dels were located in 19 predicted coding sequences. In addition to these indels, 348 single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) were identified between strains ES-2L and ES-2. These SNVs mapped to 99 genes where they appeared to induce amino acid substitutions and translation stops. The deleted genes and SNVs may be associated with decreased virulence of strain ES-2L. Our work provides a foundation for further examining virulence factors of M. hyopneumoniae and for the development of attenuated vaccines.

show abstract

“…However, a basis for the immune pathogenesis of Mhp has not yet been fully clari ed. Some scholars have considered that the onset of porcine enzootic pneumonia depends on Mhp virulence factors, which enable the pathogen to evade the host defense mechanism, and the production of molecules that participate in processes including cell-host adhesion, response to environmental stress of the host, and immune regulation [10]. Therefore, uncovering novel virulence factors would be of great importance in illuminating the mechanism of Mhp pathogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NADH-Dependent Flavin Oxidoreductase of Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Functions as a Potential Novel Virulence Factor and not Only as a Metabolic Enzyme

Xie

Fei

Chen

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) is the main pathogen of enzootic pneumonia, pigs infected with Mhp demonstrate mainly poor growth and a reduced feed conversion rate, a disease that has a significant impact on the pig industry and pock production worldwide. The pathogenesis, especially possible virulence factors of Mhp, has still not been fully clarified.Results: The transcriptome and proteomic analysis of Mhp strains differed in virulence based on reported literature, and RNA transcription expression levels between high- and low-virulence strains initially indicated that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent flavin oxidoreductase (NFOR) was related to Mhp pathogenicity. Prokaryotic expression and purification of the NFOR protein of Mhp were performed, a rabbit-origin polyclonal antibody of NFOR was prepared, and multiple sequence alignment and evolutionary analysis of Mhp NFOR were performed. For the first time, it was found that the NFOR protein was conserved among all Mhp strains, and NFOR was localized on the cell surface and could adhere to immortalized porcine bronchial epithelial cells (hTERT-PBECs). Adhesion to hTERT-PBECs could be specifically inhibited by an NFOR polyclonal antibody, and the adhesion rates of both high- and low-virulence strains, 168 and 168L, significantly decreased by more than 40%. Moreover, Mhp NFOR could not only recognize and interact with host fibronectin and plasminogen but could also induce cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis in hTERT-PBECs. Lactate dehydrogenase release of Mhp NFOR in hTERT-PBECs was significantly positively correlated with the virulence of Mhp.Conclusions: Overall, in addition to being a metabolic enzyme related to oxidative stress, NFOR may also function as a potential novel virulence factor of Mhp, thus contributing to the pathogenesis process of Mhp, providing new ideas and theoretical support for studying the pathogenic mechanisms of other mycoplasmas.

show abstract

Pathogenicity & virulence ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Cited by 42 publications

References 170 publications

Perspectives for improvement of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines in pigs

Perspectives for improvement of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines in pigs

Attenuation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Strain ES-2 and Comparative Genomic Analysis of ES-2 and Its Attenuated Form ES-2L

NADH-Dependent Flavin Oxidoreductase of Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Functions as a Potential Novel Virulence Factor and not Only as a Metabolic Enzyme

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About