Pathogenicity and Virulence of Ebolaviruses with Species- and Variant-specificity

Yamaoka, Satoko; Ebihara, Hideki

doi:10.1080/21505594.2021.1898169

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 198 publications

(254 reference statements)

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“…In many cases, viral attachment proteins require proteolytic activation by host cell proteases. Cathepsins B and L have been implicated in the proteolytic cleavage of the viral glycoprotein (GP) of the Ebola virus (EBOV) that facilitates virus interaction with the cellular receptor(s) and its entry into target cells [ 63 , 64 , 65 ]. Interestingly, faster viral fusion kinetics and enhanced infectivity of the Ebola strain named Makona, which carries an A-to-V substitution at position 82 (A82V) in the GP, have been correlated with a more efficient GP processing by cathepsin L [ 66 ].…”

Section: Aid Of Cathepsins To Viruses In the Host Cell Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Key Role of Lysosomal Protease Cathepsins in Viral Infections

Scarcella

d’Angelo

Ciampa

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Cathepsins encompass a family of lysosomal proteases that mediate protein degradation and turnover. Although mainly localized in the endolysosomal compartment, cathepsins are also found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and extracellular space, where they are involved in cell signaling, extracellular matrix assembly/disassembly, and protein processing and trafficking through the plasma and nuclear membrane and between intracellular organelles. Ubiquitously expressed in the body, cathepsins play regulatory roles in a wide range of physiological processes including coagulation, hormone secretion, immune responses, and others. A dysregulation of cathepsin expression and/or activity has been associated with many human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, kidney dysfunctions, and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as infectious diseases. In viral infections, cathepsins may promote (1) activation of the viral attachment glycoproteins and entry of the virus into target cells; (2) antigen processing and presentation, enabling the virus to replicate in infected cells; (3) up-regulation and processing of heparanase that facilitates the release of viral progeny and the spread of infection; and (4) activation of cell death that may either favor viral clearance or assist viral propagation. In this review, we report the most relevant findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying cathepsin involvement in viral infection physiopathology, and we discuss the potential of cathepsin inhibitors for therapeutical applications in viral infectious diseases.

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Section: Aid Of Cathepsins To Viruses In the Host Cell Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Key Role of Lysosomal Protease Cathepsins in Viral Infections

Scarcella

d’Angelo

Ciampa

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…It causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as severe watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and fever [ 135 ]. Currently, there is no licensed vaccine or treatment for EVD [ 136 ]. It has been previously reported that engineered banana lectin (BanLec) has an antiviral activity against viruses including Ebola virus.…”

Section: Plant-derived Antiviral Peptides Against Rna Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Antiviral Agents in Systemic Viral Infections

Krier¹,

Albert

Devocelle³

et al. 2021

Pharmaceuticals

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Numerous studies have led to a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of viruses in systemic infections for the development of prevention strategies and very promising antiviral therapies. Viruses still remain one of the main causes of human diseases, mainly because the development of new vaccines is usually challenging and drug resistance has become an increasing concern in recent decades. Therefore, the development of potential antiviral agents remains crucial and is an unmet clinical need. One abundant source of potential therapeutic molecules are plants: they biosynthesize a myriad of compounds, including peptides which can have antimicrobial activity. Our objective is to summarize the literature on peptides with antiviral properties derived from plants and to identify key features of these peptides and their application in systemic viral infections. This literature review highlights studies including clinical trials which demonstrated that plant cyclotides have the ability to inhibit the growth of viruses causing human diseases, defensin-like peptides possess anti-HIV-1 activity, and lipid transfer proteins and some lectins exhibit a varied antimicrobial profile. To conclude, plant peptides remain interesting to explore in the context of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.

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“…Also, the genomic organization of Ebolaviruses and Marburgvirus is highly similar with seven sequentially arranged genes encoding: the nucleoprotein (NP), the virion protein 35 (VP35), the VP40, the glycoprotein (GP), the VP30, the VP24, and the polymerase (L). The surface of the filovirus virion is coated by spike-like projections of the GP, which is responsible for the viral antigenicity upon entry and is the target of virus neutralizing antibody ( 7 ). Although there is no established immune correlate of protection for filoviruses, levels of GP-binding antibody have been linked to protection ( 8 , 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to demonstrating the effectiveness of filovirus vaccines: Lessons from Ebola and COVID-19

2023

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Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV), Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) and Marburg virus (MARV), are members of the Filoviridae family that can cause severe disease and death in humans and animals. The reemergence of Ebola, Sudan and Marburg virus disease highlight the need for continued availability of safe and effectives vaccines as well as development of new vaccines. While randomized controlled trials using disease endpoints provide the most robust assessment of vaccine effectiveness, challenges to this approach include the unpredictable size, location, occurrence and duration of filovirus disease outbreaks. Thus, other approaches to demonstrating vaccine effectiveness have been considered. These approaches are discussed using examples of preventive vaccines against other infectious diseases. In addition, this article proposes a clinical immunobridging strategy using licensed EBOV vaccines as comparators for demonstrating the effectiveness of filovirus vaccine candidates that are based on the same licensed vaccine platform technology.

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Pathogenicity and Virulence of Ebolaviruses with Species- and Variant-specificity

Cited by 34 publications

References 198 publications

The Key Role of Lysosomal Protease Cathepsins in Viral Infections

The Key Role of Lysosomal Protease Cathepsins in Viral Infections

Plant-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Antiviral Agents in Systemic Viral Infections

Approaches to demonstrating the effectiveness of filovirus vaccines: Lessons from Ebola and COVID-19

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