Pathogenicity genes of phytopathogenic fungi

Idnurm, Alexander; Howlett, Barbara J.

doi:10.1046/j.1464-6722.2001.00070.x

Cited by 192 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 156 publications

(161 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

142

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Twenty-eight families were found with significant differences (P , 0.05) in gene content between the three species, nine of which were larger in M. grisea than they were in the genome of either N. crassa or A. nidulans (Table 2; see also Supplementary Table S3). Several gene families expanded in M. grisea exhibited sequence similarity to proteins that are involved in fungal pathogenicity 13 .…”

Section: Acquisition Of the M Grisea Genome Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

The genome sequence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea

Dean

Talbot

Ebbole

et al. 2005

Nature

1,502

1,194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magnaporthe grisea is the most destructive pathogen of rice worldwide and the principal model organism for elucidating the molecular basis of fungal disease of plants. Here, we report the draft sequence of the M. grisea genome. Analysis of the gene set provides an insight into the adaptations required by a fungus to cause disease. The genome encodes a large and diverse set of secreted proteins, including those defined by unusual carbohydrate-binding domains. This fungus also possesses an expanded family of G-protein-coupled receptors, several new virulence-associated genes and large suites of enzymes involved in secondary metabolism. Consistent with a role in fungal pathogenesis, the expression of several of these genes is upregulated during the early stages of infection-related development. The M. grisea genome has been subject to invasion and proliferation of active transposable elements, reflecting the clonal nature of this fungus imposed by widespread rice cultivation.Outbreaks of rice blast disease are a serious and recurrent problem in all rice-growing regions of the world, and the disease is extremely difficult to control 1,2 . Rice blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea, is therefore a significant economic and humanitarian problem. It is estimated that each year enough rice is destroyed by rice blast disease to feed 60 million people 3 . The life cycle of the rice blast fungus is shown in Fig. 1. Infections occur when fungal spores land and attach themselves to leaves using a special adhesive released from the tip of each spore 4 . The germinating spore develops an appressorium-a specialized infection cell-which generates enormous turgor pressure (up to 8 MPa) that ruptures the leaf cuticle, allowing invasion of the underlying leaf tissue 5,6 . Subsequent colonization of the leaf produces disease lesions from which the fungus sporulates and spreads to new plants. When rice blast infects young rice seedlings, whole plants often die, whereas spread of the disease to the stems, nodes or panicle of older plants results in nearly total loss of the rice grain 2 . Different host-limited forms of M. grisea also infect a broad range of grass species including wheat, barley and millet. Recent reports have shown that the fungus has the capacity to infect plant roots 7 .Here we present our preliminary analysis of the draft genome sequence of M. grisea, which has emerged as a model system for understanding plant-microbe interactions because of both its economic significance and genetic tractability 1,2 . Acquisition of the M. grisea genome sequenceThe genome of a rice pathogenic strain of M. grisea, 70-15, was sequenced through a whole-genome shotgun approach. In all, greater than sevenfold sequence coverage was produced, and a summary of the principal genome sequence data is provided in Table 1 and Supplementary Table S1. The draft genome sequence consists of 2,273 sequence contigs longer than 2 kilobases (kb), ordered and orientated within 159 scaffolds. The total length of all sequence contigs is 38.8 mega...

show abstract

Section: Acquisition Of the M Grisea Genome Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

The genome sequence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea

Dean

Talbot

Ebbole

et al. 2005

Nature

1,502

1,194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PGIPs are cell wall proteins with a role(s) in plant defence, most notably their interaction with and inhibition of fungal polygalacturonases (PGs). PGs are among the first enzymes secreted by a number of fungal and bacterial pathogens when breaching plant cell walls (Herlache et al 1997;De Lorenzo et al 2001;Idnurm and Howlett 2001). Fungal pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus flavus and Altenaria citri are all dependent on PG genes to maintain full virulence on their respective hosts (Shieh et al 1997;ten Have et al 1998;Kars et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The grapevine polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (VvPGIP1) reduces Botrytis cinerea susceptibility in transgenic tobacco and differentially inhibits fungal polygalacturonases

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Pathogens encounter a vast number of hosts, against which polymorphic molecular weapons have been evolved (Gassmann et al, 2000;Idnurm and Howlett, 2001). Conversely, plants rely for defense on a finely honed innate surveillance apparatus consisting of highly polymorphic recognition molecules (Bergelson et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Complex Locus of Bean Encoding Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Proteins Reveals Subfunctionalization for Defense against Fungi and Insects

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are extracellular plant inhibitors of fungal endopolygalacturonases (PGs) that\ud belong to the superfamily of Leu-rich repeat proteins. We have characterized the full complement of pgip genes in the bean\ud (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotype BAT93. This comprises four clustered members that span a 50-kb region and, based on their\ud similarity, form two pairs (Pvpgip1/Pvpgip2 and Pvpgip3/Pvpgip4). Characterization of the encoded products revealed both\ud partial redundancy and subfunctionalization against fungal-derived PGs. Notably, the pair PvPGIP3/PvPGIP4 also inhibited\ud PGs of two mirid bugs (Lygus rugulipennis and Adelphocoris lineolatus). Characterization of Pvpgip genes of Pinto bean showed\ud variations limited to single synonymous substitutions or small deletions. A three-amino acid deletion encompassing a residue\ud previously identified as crucial for recognition of PG of Fusarium moniliforme was responsible for the inability of BAT93\ud PvPGIP2 to inhibit this enzyme. Consistent with the large variations observed in the promoter sequences, reverse\ud transcription-PCR expression analysis revealed that the different family members differentially respond to elicitors, wounding,\ud and salicylic acid. We conclude that both biochemical and regulatory redundancy and subfunctionalization of pgip genes are\ud important for the adaptation of plants to pathogenic fungi and phytophagous insects

show abstract

Pathogenicity genes of phytopathogenic fungi

Cited by 192 publications

References 156 publications

The genome sequence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea

The genome sequence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea

The grapevine polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (VvPGIP1) reduces Botrytis cinerea susceptibility in transgenic tobacco and differentially inhibits fungal polygalacturonases

Characterization of the Complex Locus of Bean Encoding Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Proteins Reveals Subfunctionalization for Defense against Fungi and Insects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About