Pathogenicity of bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid forms of &lt;i&gt;Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense&lt;/i&gt; in Swiss White Mice

Ndung’u, Kariuki; Ngotho, Maina; Kinyua, Johnson; Kagira, John; Guya, Samuel; Ndung’u, Joseph Mathu; Murilla, Grace

doi:10.4314/ajhs.v15i1.30871

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This suggestion is indicative of potential interference with body weight control by the hypothalamus ( Darsaud et al, 2003 ). Our results also indicated a significant decrease in PCV among infected mice, suggesting a state of anemia in the infected group, which is in agreement with previous studies ( Murray and Morrison, 1979 ; Ndung'u et al, 2008 ; Sharma et al, 2000 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Physiological and proteomic profiles of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense parasite isolated from suramin responsive and non-responsive HAT patients in Busoga, Uganda

Bateta

Rono

Njunge

et al. 2021

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

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Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a disease of major economic importance in Sub-Saharan Africa. The HAT is caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense ( Tbr ) parasite in eastern and southern Africa, with suramin as drug of choice for treatment of early stage of the disease . Suramin treatment failures has been observed among HAT patients in Tbr foci in Uganda. In this study, we assessed Tbr parasite strains isolated from HAT patients responsive ( Tbr EATRO-232) and non-responsive ( Tbr EATRO-734) to suramin treatment in Busoga, Uganda for 1) putative role of suramin resistance in the treatment failure 2) correlation of suramin resistance with Tbr pathogenicity and 3) proteomic pathways underpinning the potential suramin resistance phenotype in vivo . We first assessed suramin response in each isolate by infecting male Swiss white mice followed by treatment using a series of suramin doses. We then assessed relative pathogenicity of the two Tbr isolates by assessing changes pathogenicity indices (prepatent period, survival and mortality). We finally isolated proteins from mice infected by the isolates, and assessed their proteomic profiles using mass spectrometry. We established putative resistance to 2.5 mg/kg suramin in the parasite Tbr EATRO-734. We established that Tbr EATRO-734 proliferated slower and has significantly enriched pathways associated with detoxification and metabolism of energy and drugs relative to Tbr EATRO-232. The Tbr EATRO-734 also has more abundantly expressed mitochondrion proteins and enzymes than Tbr EATRO-232. The suramin treatment failure may be linked to the relatively higher resistance to suramin in Tbr EATRO-734 than Tbr EATRO-232, among other host and parasite specific factors. However, the Tbr EATRO-734 appears to be less pathogenic than Tbr EATRO-232, as evidenced by its lower rate of parasitaemia. The Tbr EATRO-734 putatively surmount suramin challenges through induction of energy metabolism pathways. These cellular and molecular processes may be involved in suramin resistance in Tbr .

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Physiological and proteomic profiles of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense parasite isolated from suramin responsive and non-responsive HAT patients in Busoga, Uganda

Bateta

Rono

Njunge

et al. 2021

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

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“…2007). All mice were acclimatized for two-weeks, during which time they were screened and treated for the ecto and endo-parasites using ivermectin (Ivermectin®, Anupco, Suffolk, England (Ndung’u et al . 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, water was provided ad libitum (Kagira et al 2007). All mice were acclimatized for 2-weeks, during which time they were screened and treated for the ecto and endo-parasites using ivermectin (Ivermectin ® , Anupco, Suffolk, England) (Ndung'u et al 2008). During the 2-week quarantine period, pre-infection data were collected on body weights and packed cell volume twice a week prior to parasite inoculation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential virulence of camel Trypanosoma evansi isolates in mice

et al. 2018

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This study assessed the virulence of Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of camel trypanosomiasis (surra), affecting mainly camels among other hosts in Africa, Asia and South America, with high mortality and morbidity. Using Swiss white mice, we assessed virulence of 17 T. evansi isolates collected from surra endemic countries. We determined parasitaemia, live body weight, packed cell volume (PCV) and survivorship in mice, for a period of 60 days' post infection. Based on survivorship, the 17 isolates were classified into three virulence categories; low (31-60 days), moderate (11-30 days) and high (0-10 days). Differences in survivorship, PCV and bodyweights between categories were significant and correlated (P < 0.05). Of the 10 Kenyan isolates, four were of low, five moderate and one (Type B) of high virulence. These findings suggest differential virulence between T. evansi isolates. In conclusion, these results show that the virulence of T. evansi may be region specific, the phenotype of the circulating parasite should be considered in the management of surra. There is also need to collect more isolates from other surra endemic regions to confirm this observation.

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“…Donor mice immunosuppressed daily with cyclo-phosphomide at a dose of 200 mg/kg per mouse for three consecutive days were used in propagating cryo-preserved African trypanosomes prior to infection of experimental mice. The mice were maintained on a diet of commercial mice pellets (Mice pellets®, Unga Ltd, Nairobi, Kenya) and provided with clean drinking water ad libitum according to Ndung’u et al (2008) and Kagira et al (2007 ). The mice were also provided with wood chipping as bedding materials.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse experiments demonstrate differential pathogenicity and virulence of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense strains

Kipkorir

John

Owino

et al. 2021

Experimental Parasitology

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Pathogenicity of bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid forms of <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i> in Swiss White Mice

Abstract: SUMMARY

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Physiological and proteomic profiles of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense parasite isolated from suramin responsive and non-responsive HAT patients in Busoga, Uganda

Physiological and proteomic profiles of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense parasite isolated from suramin responsive and non-responsive HAT patients in Busoga, Uganda

Differential virulence of camel Trypanosoma evansi isolates in mice

Mouse experiments demonstrate differential pathogenicity and virulence of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense strains

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