Pathogenicity of Endocrine Dysregulation in Autism: The Role of the Melanin-Concentrating Hormone System

Swierczynski, Adam

doi:10.28991/scimedj-2019-0102-5

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 272 publications

(444 reference statements)

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“…On top of that, about 15 million babies are born too preterm (often before 37 completed weeks of gestation) each year, of whom more than one million died immediately after birth due to complications and lack of appropriate treatment [ 13 ]. Many of the survivors face a lifetime of disability, including learning disabilities and visual and hearing problems [ 12 ]. Meanwhile, experiencing a stillbirth during pregnancy or childbirth is a tragedy insufficiently addressed in global agendas, policies, and funded programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of adverse birth outcome in Sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of recent demographic and health surveys

et al. 2021

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Background More than 75% of neonatal deaths occurred in the first weeks of life as a result of adverse birth outcomes. Low birth weight, preterm births are associated with a variety of acute and long-term complications. In Sub-Saharan Africa, there is insufficient evidence of adverse birth outcomes. Hence, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence and determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa. Method Data of this study were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of ten Sub-African (SSA) countries. A total of 76,853 children born five years preceding the survey were included in the final analysis. A Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) were fitted and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was computed to declare statistically significant determinants of adverse birth outcomes. Result The pooled prevalence of adverse birth outcomes were 29.7% (95% CI: 29.4 to 30.03). Female child (AOR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.91 0.97), women attended secondary level of education (AOR = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.82 0.92), middle (AOR = 0.94,95%CI: 0.90 0.98) and rich socioeconomic status (AOR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.90 0.99), intimate-partner physical violence (beating) (AOR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.14 1.22), big problems of long-distance travel (AOR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.04 1.11), antenatal care follow-ups (AOR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.83 0.86), multiparty (AOR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.84 0.91), twin births (AOR = 2.89, 95%CI: 2.67 3.14), and lack of women involvement in healthcare decision-making process (AOR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.06 1.13) were determinants of adverse birth outcomes. Conclusion This study showed that the magnitude of adverse birth outcomes was high, abnormal baby size and preterm births were the most common adverse birth outcomes. This finding suggests that encouraging antenatal care follow-ups and socio-economic conditions of women are essential. Moreover, special attention should be given to multiple pregnancies, improving healthcare accessibilities to rural areas, and women’s involvement in healthcare decision-making.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of adverse birth outcome in Sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of recent demographic and health surveys

et al. 2021

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“…Teachers of children with autism are more vulnerable to stress symptoms due to localized stressors associated with ASD conditions. For instance, the pathological dysregulation typical of autism conditions [ 17 ] may present overarching challenges to teachers. Additionally, the inability of the teachers to understand the children [ 18 ] tends to heighten teachers’ emotional reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies show that occupational stress hampers employees’ productivity and threatens their health and overall well-being. [ 18 , 5 , 6 , 20 , 21 , 1 , 17 , 20 ] Stress could also lead to increased psychological problems such as posttraumatic stress disorders, sleep disorders, depression, and anxiety, [ 18 ] as well as fatigue/burnout. [ 8 , 13 , 15 ] It could also lead to behavioural problems, including alcohol/drug abuse, work turnover [ 21 ] and suicidal attempts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing job stress in teachers of children with autism

et al. 2020

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Background/Objective: Teaching has been found to be 1 of the most stressful occupations worldwide. Stress associated with teaching is more critical among teachers teaching children with special needs in general and those with autism specifically, partly due to the heterogeneous nature of the disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Occupational Health Coaching (REOHC) in minimizing job stress in teachers of children with autism (CWA). Methods: A group-randomized waitlist control-trial design was adopted. A sample of 87 teachers of CWA who participated in the study was randomized into the immediate intervention group (IIG) and waitlist group (WLG). Participants were evaluated on 3 occasions: pretest, post-test and follow-up. Three instruments (Occupational Stress Index, Perceived Occupational Stress Scale and Stress Symptom Scale) were used to measure dimensions of job stress. After the pretest exercise, the IIG participated in a 2-hour REOHC programme weekly for a period of 12 weeks. Post- and follow-up evaluations were conducted respectively at 2 weeks and 3 months after the REOHC programme. Those in WLG were exposed to the REOHC after the follow-up assessment. Data collected were analysed using t -test statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance and bar charts. Results: Results revealed that the perceived stress and stress symptoms of the REOHC group reduced significantly over WLG at post-test, and follow-up assessments. Changes in the occupational stress index scores across pre-, post- and follow-up measurements were minimal and could not account for a significant difference between the IIG and WLG. Conclusion: It was concluded that REOHC is effective in reducing subjective feelings and physiological symptoms of job stress, even when the objective stressors remain constant among teachers of CWA and other employees who work in stressful occupational environments.

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“…SYS has been referred to as “PW-like syndrome” as SYS and PWS share major clinical symptoms such as neonatal hypotonia, feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, respiratory distress, and DD/ID. [ 25 , 26 ] However, joint contractures and higher prevalence of life-threatening respiratory distress are more commonly observed in SYS than in PWS. [ 5 ] During childhood, ASD is more common in SYS, [ 4 ] and SYS patients generally do not exhibit over-eating habits with severe obesity as do PWS patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Schaaf-Yang syndrome in Korean children with developmental delay and hypotonia

Ahn

Seo

et al. 2020

Medicine

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Schaaf-Yang syndrome (SYS) is a recently identified disorder caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a maternally imprinted gene, MAGEL2 , at 15q11.2q13. Due to its extreme rarity and wide range of clinical severity, clinical suspicion is difficult for a physician. In the current study, its frequency among the Korean pediatric patients with developmental delay (DD) or intellectual disability (ID) was assessed. As the first report of Korean patients with SYS, our study aims to increase the awareness of this condition among the physicians taking care of the pediatric patients with DD/ID and hypotonia. The patients diagnosed with SYS by whole-exome sequencing (WES) among the 460 Korean pediatric patients with DD/ID were included, and their clinical and molecular features were reviewed. Four patients (0.9%) were diagnosed with SYS. Profound DD (4 patients), multiple anomalies including joint contractures and facial dysmorphism (4 patients), generalized hypotonia (3 patients), and severe respiratory difficulty requiring mechanical ventilation (3 patients) were noted in most cases, similar to those in previous reports. Sleep apnea (2 patients), autistic features (2 patients), a high grade of gastroesophageal reflux (1 patient), and seizures (1 patient) were found as well. A total of 3 different truncating MAGEL2 mutations were identified. A previously-reported mutation, to be the most common one, c.1996dupC, was found in 2 patients. The other 2 mutations, c.2217delC and c.3449_3450delTT were novel mutations. As MAGEL2 is maternally imprinted, 2 patients had inherited the MAGEL2 mutation from their respective healthy fathers. SYS is an extremely rare cause of DD/ID. However, hypotonia, joint contractures, profound DD/ID and facial dysmorphism are the suggestive clinical features for SYS. As a maternally imprinted disorder, it should be reminded that SYS may be inherited in form of a mutation from a healthy father.

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Pathogenicity of Endocrine Dysregulation in Autism: The Role of the Melanin-Concentrating Hormone System

Cited by 8 publications

References 272 publications

Determinants of adverse birth outcome in Sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of recent demographic and health surveys

Determinants of adverse birth outcome in Sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of recent demographic and health surveys

Managing job stress in teachers of children with autism

Diagnosis of Schaaf-Yang syndrome in Korean children with developmental delay and hypotonia

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