Pathogenicity of postfire ascomycetes (Pezizales) on seeds and germinants of lodgepole pine

Egger, Keith N.; Paden, J. W.

doi:10.1139/b86-312

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The association between Sphaerosporella brunnea and Pinus banksiana was described by Danielson ( 1984) as ectomycorrhizal, but the same fungus was described as ectendomycorrhizal by Egger (1986). This supports Wilcox's (1983) concept of gradations in the form and function of symbioses between plants and fungi , with the association shifting on different hosts, or under different environmental conditions.…”

Section: B Ectomycorrhizal Structuresupporting

confidence: 58%

“…This has led researches in the past to the assumption that many of these fungi are only capable of a saprotrophic lifestyle (Petersen 1985). Since the late eighties, species of fungi within the order Pezizales have been demonstrated to be parasitic, biotrophic, ectomycorrhizal or saprotrophic depending upon the environmental conditions (Egger 1986, Egger and Paden 1986. This discovery has established the Pezizales as a legitimate target group for ECM investigations.…”

Section: List Of Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This discovery has established the Pezizales as a legitimate target group for ECM investigations. Only 6 genera ofPezizales have been confirmed as ECM, but other research suggests that others may form ECM (Egger 1986). Clearly, more work needs to be done to identify and characterize Pezizalean ectomycorrhizae.…”

Section: List Of Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority ofPezizales is considered saprotrophic, such as members of the genera Peziza, Gyromitra , Ascobolus, Py ronema, and Discina (Petersen 1985). Several members of the Pezizales are adapted to degrade post-fire debris (Egger 1986). Other members ofthis group are plant pathogens, such as Caloscypha fulgens, which is a conifer seed pathogen (Paden et al 1978) and Rhizina undulata, which causes minor damage to conifer seedlings (Tylutki 1979).…”

Section: Morchella)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and morphological investigations of Pezizalean mycorrhizae

Williams¹

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A phylogeny of the Pezizales was reconstructed using 18S rDNA sequence data. The data set consisted of 117 taxa. Several approaches were used to generate the phylogenetic trees, including Neighbor Joining consensus (ML algorithm), NeighborJoining with bootstrap analysis (ML algorithm) and Maximum likelihood using quartet puzzling. The clades resulting from this analysis roughly corresponded to both the traditionally recognized families within the order Pezizales and to the results reported from recent phylogenetic work on this group. The clades delineated by this study included the Helvellaceae, Pezizaceae, Morchellaceae, Discinaceae, Sarcosomataceae, Otideaceae and Sarcoscyphaceae. Ofthese, only the Sarcoscyphaceae had no suspected or proven associates. The Otideaceae and Tuberaceae contained the highest number of proven ectomycorrhizal and biotrophic fungi. The Morchellaceae and Helvellaceae had the second highest number of proven associates.Pezizalean fruitbodies and nearby root tips were collected for analysis with particular attention paid to members of the Otideaceae, Tuberaceae, Morchellaceae and Helvellaceae. The root tips were morphotyped and the the fruitbodies were identified. DNA was extracted from the fruitbodies and the root tips that were potentially ascomycetous. A portion of the nuclear ribosomal DNA was amplified spanning the two internally transcribed spacer regions (ITS 1 and ITS2) in addition to a portion of the 28S gene. This was then digested using the restriction enzymes Alu I, Hinf I and Rsa I. The resulting restriction patterns were analysed, and a match between fruitbody and root tip iii indicated an association (it being ectomycorrhizal depended upon the presence of a Hartig net in the root tip) . No matches were found.Potentially ascomycetous root tip DNA and restriction patterns, in addition to herbarium samples of other Pezizalean fruitbodies were obtained from other sources in an attempt to find matches. Matches were found between Helvella leucomelaena and He/vella latispora fruitbody RFLP patterns and root tips morphotyped as MRA, E-strain and 'lightly colonized' under Abies lasiocarpa, Picea glauca X engelmanni and Pinus contorta var. latifolia. In addition, a match was found between a Trichophaea hemisphaerioides fruitbody RFLP pattern and an E-strain morphotyped tip under Abies lasiocarpa.

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Section: B Ectomycorrhizal Structuresupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: List Of Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: List Of Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morchella)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and morphological investigations of Pezizalean mycorrhizae

Williams¹

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“…For this disease to occur, sites must have the pathogen (usually from past infections), acidic soils, and susceptible conifer roots. In a laboratory study, young seedlings of lodgepole pine, a fire-successional conifer species, displayed strong disease symptoms when exposed to an isolate of Rhizina undulata from British Columbia (Egger and Paden 1986). While the pathogenicity of this fungus was consistent and intense, field occurrences either go unrecognized or occur infrequently.…”

Section: Rhizina Root Rotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root diseases in coniferous forests of the Inland West: potential implications of fuels treatments

Rippy¹,

Stewart²,

Zambino³

et al. 2005

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____________________________________________After nearly 100 years of fire exclusion, introduced pests, and selective harvesting, a change in forest composition has occurred in many Inland West forests of North America. This change in forest structure has frequently been accompanied by increases in root diseases and/or an unprecedented buildup of fuels. Consequently, many forest managers are implementing plans for fuels treatments to lower the risk of severe wildfires.Impacts on root disease should be considered before selecting appropriate fuels treatments. Complex interactions exist among conifer root diseases, fuels treatments, forest structure, species composition, stand history, and other environmental factors. As forest managers prescribe fuels treatments, their success in lowering the risk of severe wildfire will depend in part on the impacts of these treatments on root disease. Root diseases are one of many factors to be considered when developing plans for fuels treatments. Choices must be made on a site-by-site basis, with knowledge of the diseases that are present.This paper provides examples of how fuels treatments may increase or reduce specific diseases and demonstrates their importance as considerations in the fuels management planning process. Several root diseases prevalent within Inland West of North America are addressed: Armillaria root disease, annosus root disease, laminated root rot, black stain root disease, Schweinitzii root and butt rot, Tomentosus root disease, Rhizina root rot, and stringy butt rot. For each disease, general information is provided on disease identification, management options, and potential effects of fuels treatments. However, many long-term studies are needed to assess effects of specific interactions among fuels treatments, root diseases, and host trees.Key words: wildfire, forest planning, forest structure, mechanical treatments, prescribed fire, coniferous hosts, pathogens, disease management Foreword ______________________This document is part of the Fuels Planning: Science Synthesis and Integration Project, a pilot project initiated by the USDA Forest Service to respond to the need for tools and information useful for planning site-specific fuel (vegetation) treatment projects. The information addresses fuel and forest conditions of the dry inland forests of the Western United States: those dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, dry grand fir/white fir, and dry lodgepole pine potential vegetation types. Information was developed primarily for application at the stand level and is intended to be useful within this forest type regardless of ownership. Portions of the information also will be directly applicable to the pinyon pine/juniper potential vegetation types. Many of the concepts and tools developed by the project may be useful for planning fuel projects in other forests types. In particular, many of the social science findings would have direct applicability to fuel planning activities for forests throughout the United States. As is the case i...

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Secret lifestyles of pyrophilous fungi in the genus Sphaerosporella

Hughes

Case

Matheny

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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Premise Pyrophilous fungi form aboveground fruiting structures (ascocarps) following wildfires, but their ecology, natural history, and life cycles in the absence of wildfires are largely unknown. Sphaerosporella is considered to be pyrophilous. This study explores Sphaerosporella ascocarp appearance following a rare 2016 wildfire in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), compares the timing of ascocarp formation with recovery of Sphaerosporella DNA sequences in soils, and explores the association of Sphaerosporella with post‐fire Table Mountain pine ( Pinus pungens ) seedlings. Methods Burned sites in the GSMNP were surveyed for pyrophilous fungal ascocarps over 2 years. Ascocarps, mycorrhizae, and endophyte cultures were evaluated morphologically and by Sanger sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal ITS gene region (fungal barcode; Schoch et al., 2012). DNA from soil cores was subjected to Illumina sequencing. Results The timing and location of post‐fire Sphaerosporella ascocarp formation was correlated with recovery of Sphaerosporella DNA sequences in soils. Genetic markers (fungal barcode) of Sphaerosporella were also recovered from mycorrhizal root tips and endophyte cultures from seedlings of Pinus pungens . Conclusions This study demonstrates that Sphaerosporella species , in the absence of fire , are biotrophic, forming both mycorrhizal and endophytic associations with developing Pinus pungens seedlings and may persist in nature in the absence of wildfire as a conifer symbiont. We speculate that Sphaerosporella may fruit only after the host plant is damaged or destroyed and that after wildfires, deep roots, needle endophytes, or heat‐resistant spores could serve as a source of soil mycelium.

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Pathogenicity of postfire ascomycetes (Pezizales) on seeds and germinants of lodgepole pine

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Molecular and morphological investigations of Pezizalean mycorrhizae

Molecular and morphological investigations of Pezizalean mycorrhizae

Root diseases in coniferous forests of the Inland West: potential implications of fuels treatments

Secret lifestyles of pyrophilous fungi in the genus Sphaerosporella

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