Pathogenicity of three entomopathogenic fungi on pupae and adults of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Beris, Evangelos; Papachristos, Dimitrios; Fytrou, Anastasia; Antonatos, Spiros; Kontodimas, D. C.

doi:10.1007/s10340-012-0468-4

Cited by 56 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The entire procedure was repeated five times by preparing new wheat lots each time. All dead adults were removed from the petri dishes, put into new sterile petri dishes lined with wet filter paper, kept at 25°C, and inspected daily for symptoms of mycosis (8).…”

Section: A Ter Ia Ls a N D M E Th O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea for Control of Sitophilus oryzae

Kavallieratos

Athanassiou

Aountala

et al. 2014

Journal of Food Protection

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The entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea were tested against the stored-grain pest Sitophilus oryzae. The fungi were isolated from the soil (from three locations in Attica, Greece: B. bassiana from Tatoion, M. anisopliae from Marathon, and I. fumosorosea from Aghios Stefanos) using larvae of Galleria mellonella as bait. Suspensions of 2.11 × 10(7) and 2.11 × 10(8), 1.77 × 10(7) and 1.77 × 10(8), and 1.81 × 10(7) and 1.81 × 10(8) conidia per ml of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and I. fumosorosea, respectively, were applied by three treatments: (i) sprayed on food and set in petri dishes with adults of S. oryzae, (ii) sprayed on adults of S. oryzae and set in petri dishes without food, and (iii) sprayed on adults of S. oryzae and set in petri dishes with food. The observed mortality of S. oryzae adults during the overall exposure period for the lowest, as well as for the highest, concentrations of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and I. fumosorosea ranged from 0 to 100%. Concentration was, in most of the cases tested, a critical parameter that determined the "speed of kill" of the exposed insect species for B. bassiana and M. anisopliae. Conversely, concentration was not that critical for I. fumosorosea, and survival was high in some of the combinations tested, even after 14 days of exposure. Both in the highest and the lowest concentrations of fungi, the mortality of S. oryzae adults was higher when the fungi were applied on adults than when they were applied on food. Higher mortality was observed when food was absent than when food was present, in most of the cases tested. The high efficacy levels recorded in the current study indicate that the tested fungi could be effective biocontrol agents against S. oryzae.

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Section: A Ter Ia Ls a N D M E Th O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea for Control of Sitophilus oryzae

Kavallieratos

Athanassiou

Aountala

et al. 2014

Journal of Food Protection

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“…The use of entomopathogenic fungi for pest management, especially as part of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy, combined with cultural and other methods has increased because of the reduction in available chemical control measures (Ansari et al, 2011;Beris et al, 2012;Pelizza et al, 2012;Svedese et al, 2012). It has however been previously shown that both temperature and water availability (water activity, a w ) are bottlenecks in the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against pests (Magan, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience and relative virulence of strains of entomopathogenic fungi under interactions of abiotic stress

Borisade¹,

Magan²

2015

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The objective of this study was to examine the effect of interacting conditions of water stress (0.995-0.96 water activity; a w ), elevated temperature (25-37°C) and CO 2 (350, 1000 ppm) on growth and sporulation of strains of three entomogenous fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Isaria farinosa. Subsequently, using bioassay systems with locust (Schistocerca gregaria), we examined the effect of elevated CO 2 (control, 350; 650; 1000 ppm CO 2 ) on efficacy of strains of all three species and used crickets (Acheta domesticus) to examine interacting conditions of elevated temperature and CO 2 at two relative humidities (25-35°C; 350, 1000 ppm CO 2 ; 96, 98 and >99% RH) on efficacy of a strain of B. bassiana for the first time. The 3-way interacting factors had a significant effect on growth of the strains of all three species, especially at 35-37°C and 0.96-0.98 a w and 1000 ppm CO 2 . Under these conditions, only one strain of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae was able to grow at a reduced rate as compared to the controls. No strain of I. farinosa was able to grow at 35-37°C either in normal air or in elevated CO 2 at 0.995-0.96 a w showing a high level of sensitivity to these interacting factors. Sporulation of the three strains of each species was also significantly affected by these three-way environmental interactions. There were some intra-strain differences and in most cases for the three species, water stress (0.98-0.96 a w ) at 35-37°C and 1000 ppm CO 2 resulting in either no sporulation or no growth. One strain of M. anisopliae (Ma 29) was particularly tolerant at 0.96 a w at 37°C and 1000 ppm CO 2 . Bioassays with the S. gregaria showed when CO 2 was elevated from 350 to 650 and to 1000 ppm, the relative virulence of two strains of each species was reduced over a 6-day temporal study. Further studies with B. bassiana in a detailed bioassay using crickets under three way abiotic interactions (25-35°C, 99-96% RH and 350 or 1000 ppm CO 2 ) showed that virulence was decreased with no efficacy occurring at 30-35°C and 1000 ppm CO 2 at 96% RH. This study suggests that climate change factors could have a profound impact on the efficacy of such biocontrol agents and thus have major implications for pest control using such approaches.

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“…Efforts have been made to reduce the use of harmful insecticides and apply safer, alternative methods to control the Medfly. Among these are the mass-trapping technique [4], the sterile insect technique [5], and biological control using several bioagents, including the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana ([Balsamo]; Phylum Ascomycota, Cordycipitaceae) [6] [7]. B. bassiana is the natural enemy of a wide range of insects and arachnids, and has a wide distribution [8] [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana Native Isolates in the Biological Control of the Med-iterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata)

Qazzaz¹,

Al-Masri²,

Barakat³

2015

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The effectiveness of native entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana isolates in the biological control of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) was evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Local isolates (P. Bv32, P. Bv39, P. Bv41, P. Bv51, and P. Bv52) of the fungus B. bassiana induced higher adult mortalities (77%, 65%, 65%, 65%, and 58%, respectively) than a control against the Mediterranean fruit fly under laboratory conditions. Adult mortality increased by increasing the conidial concentrations. In addition, the lethal time (LT50) for killing adult C. capitata ranged from 3.91 to 5.60 days, and the logged lethal concentration (LC 50 ) ranged from 3.80 to 10.50, depending on the isolate. Furthermore, the contact application method induced significantly higher mortality than feeding alone, compared with the control. In addition, spraying peaches with a conidial suspension of the isolates P. Bv32 and P. Bv39 significantly reduced infestation by the fruit fly, compared with the control. The isolates grew well at a temperature range of 25˚C -30˚C; germination of the conidia occurred at 15˚C -30˚C, and sporulation occurred at 20˚C -25˚C. High Mediterranean fruit fly mortalities were induced at 15˚C -30˚C, with significant differences among the isolates. However, the isolates failed to grow, germinate, or sporulate above 35˚C or below 10˚C. Under field conditions, a formula of the bioinsecticide containing the isolate P. Bv32 of B. bassiana significantly reduced peach infestation with Medfly maggots by 25% compared with the control, and by 30% when combined with a low dose of the commercial insecticide Confidor ® .

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Pathogenicity of three entomopathogenic fungi on pupae and adults of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Cited by 56 publications

References 47 publications

Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea for Control of Sitophilus oryzae

Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea for Control of Sitophilus oryzae

Resilience and relative virulence of strains of entomopathogenic fungi under interactions of abiotic stress

Effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana Native Isolates in the Biological Control of the Med-iterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata)

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