Pathogenomic Sequence Analysis of
 Bacillus cereus
 and
 Bacillus thuringiensis
 Isolates Closely Related to
 Bacillus anthracis

Han, Cliff; Xie, Gary; Challacombe, Jean F.; Altherr, Michael R.; Bhotika, Smriti S.; Bruce, David; Campbell, Connie S.; Campbell, Mary L.; Jin, Chen; Chertkov, Olga; Cleland, Cathy; Dimitrijevic, Mira; Doggett, Norman A.; Fawcett, John J.; Glavina, Tijana; Goodwin, Lynne; Hill, Karen K.; Hitchcock, P J; Jackson, Paul J.; Keim, Paul; Kewalramani, Avinash Ramesh; Longmire, Jon; Lucas, Susan; Malfatti, Stephanie; McMurry, Kim; Meincke, Linda; Misra, Monica; Moseman, Bernice L.; Mundt, Mark; Munk, A. Christine; Okinaka, Richard T.; Parson-Quintana, B.; Reilly, Lee Philip; Richardson, Paul; Robinson, Donna L.; Rubin, Eddy; Saunders, Elizabeth; Tapia, Roxanne; Tesmer, Judith G.; Thayer, Nina; Thompson, Linda S.; Tice, Hope; Ticknor, Lawrence O.; Wills, Patti L.; Brettin, Thomas; Gilna, Paul

doi:10.1128/jb.188.9.3382-3390.2006

Cited by 186 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The size of the pCER270 was previously predicted to be ϳ208 kb by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and hybridization methods (12), whereas our sequencing effort revealed a larger plasmid of 270 kb. Both of these novel plasmids exhibit a mosaic structure and contain sets of genes previously found on the chromosomes of B. cereus group members (16,23,33). This observation suggests that these large The primer set will amplify a region of the edema factor of the B. anthracis pXO1 plasmid (GBAApXO10142) and other anthrax toxin encoding plasmids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It has been demonstrated that the chromosomes of members of B. cereus group are very similar, both in sequence similarity and synteny (19,31), and that plasmids can play a significant adaptive role in the pathogen host range, virulence, and ecology of the isolate (16,33,34). The complete sequence of multiple pXO1-like plasmids enabled comparative studies to identify regions of similarity and divergence potentially responsible for the observed phenotypes (virulence and nutritional adaptation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to the present study, detailed sequence analysis of large B. cereus group plasmids was mostly limited to those of B. anthracis and of a few environmental isolates of B. cereus or B. thuringiensis (16,23,33). The present study identifies and compares the primary sequence of pXO1-like plasmids harbored by two periodontal and an emetic B. cereus with the goal of determining the role of plasmid-encoded genes in virulence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small and large insert libraries (3 to 4 kb and 8 to 10 kb) were then constructed as previously reported (33,34) and sequenced by using an 3730xl DNA analyzer (Applied Biosystems) at the Institute for Genomic Research's Joint Technology Center. After the initial assembly, using methods previously described (16,23,25,33,34), scaffolds and contigs were identified that belong to the large plasmids compared to previously sequenced plasmids (including B. anthracis pXO1 and pBC10987 [ Table 1]) using BLAST (3) and MUMmer (10). Closure was performed as previously described (33), followed by manual annotation (see Tables S1 and S2 in the supplemental material).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although pBC210 did not encode the anthrax poly-␥-D-glutamic acid capsule biosynthetic genes, it did contain a putative polysaccharide biosynthetic gene cluster thought to be responsible for the production of observed encapsulation of B. cereus G9241 (21). The genome sequences of B. thuringiensis serovar Konkukian strain 97-27 and B. cereus E33L (previously referred to as B. cereus ZK) revealed that each contained unique plasmid profiles (16). The B. thuringiensis isolate contained a 77-kb plasmid named pBT9727, whereas B. cereus E33L contained five plasmids ranging in size from ϳ5 to 466 kb (named pE33L5, pE33L8, pE33L9, pE33L54, and pE33L466).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Complete Sequence Analysis of Novel Plasmids from Emetic and Periodontal Bacillus cereus Isolates Reveals a Common Evolutionary History among the B. cereus -Group Plasmids, Including Bacillus anthracis pXO1

Rasko¹,

Rosovitz²,

et al. 2007

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The plasmids of the members of theBacillus cereussensu lato group of organisms are essential in defining the phenotypic traits associated with pathogenesis and ecology. For example,Bacillus anthraciscontains two plasmids, pXO1 and pXO2, encoding toxin production and encapsulation, respectively, that define this species pathogenic potential, whereas the presence of a Bt toxin-encoding plasmid definesBacillus thuringiensisisolates. In this study the plasmids fromB. cereusisolates that produce emetic toxin or are linked to periodontal disease were sequenced and analyzed. Two periodontal isolates examined contained almost identical ∼272-kb plasmids, named pPER272. The emetic toxin-producing isolate contained one ∼270-kb plasmid, named pCER270, encoding the cereulide biosynthesis gene cluster. Comparative sequence analyses of theseB. cereusplasmids revealed a high degree of sequence similarity to theB. anthracispXO1 plasmid, especially in a putative replication region. These plasmids form a newly defined group of pXO1-like plasmids. However, these novel plasmids do not contain the pXO1 pathogenicity island, which in each instance is replaced by plasmid specific DNA. Plasmids pCER270 and pPER272 share regions that are not found in any other pXO1-like plasmids. Evolutionary studies suggest that these plasmids are more closely related to each other than to other identifiedB. cereusplasmids. Screening of a population ofB. cereusgroup isolates revealed that pXO1-like plasmids are more often found in association with clinical isolates. This study demonstrates that the pXO1-like plasmids may define pathogenicB. cereusisolates in the same way that pXO1 and pXO2 define theB. anthracisspecies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complete Sequence Analysis of Novel Plasmids from Emetic and Periodontal Bacillus cereus Isolates Reveals a Common Evolutionary History among the B. cereus -Group Plasmids, Including Bacillus anthracis pXO1

Rasko¹,

Rosovitz²,

et al. 2007

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Analysis of nucleotide diphosphate sugar dehydrogenases reveals family and group‐specific relationships

2016

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UDP ‐glucose dehydrogenase ( UDPGDH ), UDP ‐ N ‐acetyl‐mannosamine dehydrogenase ( UDPNAMDH ) and GDP ‐mannose dehydrogenase ( GDPMDH ) belong to a family of NAD + ‐linked 4‐electron‐transfering oxidoreductases called nucleotide diphosphate sugar dehydrogenases ( NDP ‐ SDH s). UDPGDH is an enzyme responsible for converting UDP ‐ d ‐glucose to UDP ‐ d ‐glucuronic acid, a product that has different roles depending on the organism in which it is found. UDPNAMDH and GDPMDH convert UDP ‐ N ‐acetyl‐mannosamine to UDP ‐ N ‐acetyl‐mannosaminuronic acid and GDP ‐mannose to GDP ‐mannuronic acid, respectively, by a similar mechanism to UDPGDH . Their products are used as essential building blocks for the exopolysaccharides found in organisms like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus . Few studies have investigated the relationships between these enzymes. This study reveals the relationships between the three enzymes by analysing 229 amino acid sequences. Eighteen invariant and several other highly conserved residues were identified, each serving critical roles in maintaining enzyme structure, coenzyme binding or catalytic function. Also, 10 conserved motifs that included most of the conserved residues were identified and their roles proposed. A phylogenetic tree demonstrated relationships between each group and verified group assignment. Finally, group entropy analysis identified novel conservations unique to each NDP ‐ SDH group, including residue positions critical to NDP ‐sugar substrate interaction, enzyme structure and intersubunit contact. These positions may serve as targets for future research. Enzymes UDP ‐glucose dehydrogenase (UDPGDH, EC 1.1.1.22 ).

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A minireplicon of plasmid pBMB26 represents a new typical replicon in the megaplasmids of Bacillus cereus group

et al. 2017

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A new minireplicon (rep26 minireplicon) from pBMB26, the 188 kb indigenous plasmid related to spore-crystal association (SCA) phenotype in Bacillus thuringiensis strain YBT-020, was characterized. A 12 kb EcoRI fragment, which encoded 10 putative open reading frames (ORFs), was capable of supporting replication when cloned in a replication probe vector. Deletion and frame shift mutation analysis showed that a 4.1 kb region encompassing two putative ORFs (orf21 and orf22) was essential for the plasmid replication in B. thuringiensis. Gene orf21 encoding a 49.8 kDa protein (named Rep26) with a helix-turn-helix motif showed no homology with known replication proteins and gene orf22 encoding a protein of 82.6 kDa showed homology to bacterial PcrA helicase. The replication origin of rep26 minireplicon was proved to be located in the coding region of orf21. Plasmid stability experiments indicated that the recombinant plasmid containing rep26 minireplicon has excellent segregational stability. BLASTP analysis revealed that amino acid sequences of ORF21 and ORF22 were well conserved among Bacillus cereus group strains. The rep26 minireplicon was widely distributed and could be defined as a new typical replicon in the megaplasmids of B. cereus group.

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Pathogenomic Sequence Analysis of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates Closely Related to Bacillus anthracis

Cited by 186 publications

References 45 publications

Complete Sequence Analysis of Novel Plasmids from Emetic and Periodontal Bacillus cereus Isolates Reveals a Common Evolutionary History among the B. cereus -Group Plasmids, Including Bacillus anthracis pXO1

Complete Sequence Analysis of Novel Plasmids from Emetic and Periodontal Bacillus cereus Isolates Reveals a Common Evolutionary History among the B. cereus -Group Plasmids, Including Bacillus anthracis pXO1

Analysis of nucleotide diphosphate sugar dehydrogenases reveals family and group‐specific relationships

A minireplicon of plasmid pBMB26 represents a new typical replicon in the megaplasmids of Bacillus cereus group

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