Pathogens can Slow Down or Reverse Invasion Fronts of their Hosts

Hilker, Frank M.; Lewis, Mark A.; Seno, Hiromi; Langlais, Michel; Malchow, Horst

doi:10.1007/s10530-005-5215-9

Cited by 76 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…5A). This result draws comparison with theoretical predictions suggesting that opportunistic pathogens can slow the migration of biological species (48), and it indicates that interactions between cells can have a significant influence on population expansions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Range expansion promotes cooperation in an experimental microbial metapopulation

Datta¹,

Korolev

Cvijović

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Natural populations throughout the tree of life undergo range expansions in response to changes in the environment. Recent theoretical work suggests that range expansions can have a strong effect on evolution, even leading to the fixation of deleterious alleles that would normally be outcompeted in the absence of migration. However, little is known about how range expansions might influence alleles under frequency-or density-dependent selection. Moreover, there is very little experimental evidence to complement existing theory, since expanding populations are difficult to study in the natural environment. In this study, we have used a yeast experimental system to explore the effect of range expansions on the maintenance of cooperative behaviors, which commonly display frequency-and density-dependent selection and are widespread in nature. We found that range expansions favor the maintenance of cooperation in two ways: (i) through the enrichment of cooperators at the front of the expanding population and (ii) by allowing cooperators to "outrun" an invading wave of defectors. In this system, cooperation is enhanced through the coupling of population ecology and evolutionary dynamics in expanding populations, thus providing experimental evidence for a unique mechanism through which cooperative behaviors could be maintained in nature.microbes | Allee effect | eco-evolutionary feedback N atural populations often increase the geographical area that they occupy through population growth and dispersal into new territory (1-4). Such events, termed range expansions, occur repeatedly during the life history of a species in response to changes in the environment (for instance, forest fires or seasonal changes in climate) as well as changes in phenotype that allow the species to colonize regions that were previously inaccessible to them (1, 5). Despite their widespread occurrence, the effect of range expansions on genetic diversity has only begun to be explored. Recent theoretical analyses suggest that genetic drift on the low-density front of an expanding population can lead to the fixation of neutral (or even deleterious) alleles in a way that mimics positive selection (6, 7). This effect, known as "allele surfing," is a stochastic effect that has been demonstrated experimentally for neutral alleles in expanding bacterial colonies (8) and was recently suggested to underlie the global patterns of human phenotypic variation observed today (9-11).Here, we chose to study the maintenance of cooperative alleles in the context of populations undergoing range expansions. By definition, a "cooperator" provides a benefit to other members of the population at a cost to itself (12). Examples of cooperation are ubiquitous in the wild, ranging from siderophore production in bacteria to the formation of communities in human populations (12-15). However, given the appearance of "defectors" that exploit the benefit provided by the cooperators without incurring the cost, explaining the origin and maintenance of cooperation in nature remains...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Range expansion promotes cooperation in an experimental microbial metapopulation

Datta¹,

Korolev

Cvijović

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…We have shown that given a fixed control quotum, pest species removal over a local area is more effective than homogeneous removal throughout the interaction arena (within the area of parameter space where bistability is observed). Partial differential equation models have been employed in biological control and predator systems previously (Lewis and van den Driessche, 1993;Ashih and Wilson, 2001;Owen and Lewis, 2001;Hilker et al, 2005). The spatial approach allows us to extend the region in parameter space over which control is possible, but also to consider applications to range expansion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Control Through Intraguild Predation: Case Studies in Pest Control, Invasive Species and Range Expansion

Bampfylde

Lewis

2007

Bull. Math. Biol.

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Intraguild predation (IGP), the interaction between species that eat each other and compete for shared resources, is ubiquitous in nature. We document its occurrence across a wide range of taxonomic groups and ecosystems with particular reference to non-indigenous species and agricultural pests. The consequences of IGP are complex and difficult to interpret. The purpose of this paper is to provide a modelling framework for the analysis of IGP in a spatial context. We start by considering a spatially homogeneous system and find the conditions for predator and prey to exclude each other, to coexist and for alternative stable states. Management alternatives for the control of invasive or pest species through IGP are presented for the spatially homogeneous system. We extend the model to include movement of predator and prey. In this spatial context, it is possible to switch between alternative stable steady states through local perturbations that give rise to travelling waves of extinction or control. The direction of the travelling wave depends on the details of the nonlinear intraguild interactions, but can be calculated explicitly. This spatial phenomenon suggests means by which invasions succeed or fail, and yields new methods for spatial biological control. Freshwater case studies are used to illustrate the outcomes.

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“…The spread of a prey population with a weak Allee effect can be slowed down in the presence of a predator (Owen and Lewis 2001). The spread of a prey population with strong Allee effect can even be reversed (Owen and Lewis 2001); see also Lewis and van den Driessche (1993) and Hilker et al (2005) for similar retreats of invasion fronts. Such spread reversals mean that the population can go extinct in the absence of any flow, thus making persistence in a stream ecosystem even more difficult.…”

Section: Allee Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, generally speaking, it is more difficult to find an explicit wave speed approximation in a system with Allee effect. Existing approaches include singular perturbation theory (Owen and Lewis 2001) and time scale arguments (Hilker et al 2005). Exact solutions have been found only for particular models assuming a cubic predator mortality (Petrovskii et al 2005b).…”

Section: Allee Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator–prey systems in streams and rivers

Hilker

Lewis

2009

Theor Ecol

Self Cite

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Many predator-prey systems are found in environments with a predominantly unidirectional flow such as streams and rivers. Alterations of natural flow regimes (e.g., due to human management or global warming) put biological populations at risk. The aim of this paper is to devise a simple method that links flow speeds (currents) with population retention (persistence) and wash-out (extinction). We consider systems of prey and specialist, as well as generalist, predators, for which we distinguish the following flow speed scenarios: (a) coexistence, (b) persistence of prey only or (c) predators only (provided they are generalists), and (d) extinction of both populations. The method is based on a reaction-advection-diffusion model and traveling wave speed approximations. We show that this approach matches well spread rates observed in numerical simulations. The results from this paper can provide a useful tool in the assessment of instream flow needs, estimating the flow speed necessary for preserving riverine populations.

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Pathogens can Slow Down or Reverse Invasion Fronts of their Hosts

Cited by 76 publications

References 81 publications

Range expansion promotes cooperation in an experimental microbial metapopulation

Range expansion promotes cooperation in an experimental microbial metapopulation

Biological Control Through Intraguild Predation: Case Studies in Pest Control, Invasive Species and Range Expansion

Predator–prey systems in streams and rivers

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