Pathogens pulling the strings: Effectors manipulating salicylic acid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants

Bauters, Lander; Stojilković, Boris; Gheysen, Godelieve

doi:10.1111/mpp.13123

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…So far, effectors SnTox3 from Parastagonospora nodorum and ToxA and ToxB from Pyrenophora tritici-repentis have been demonstrated to induce PAL expression. 51 Our results further demonstrate that this could also be the case for FDp as a potential way to promote phytoplasma transmission. This could aid future studies to identify the presence of similar effectors in FDp genomes, as well as their targets in plant hosts.…”

Section: Resveratrol Content Issupporting

confidence: 61%

Flavescence Dorée Strain-Specific Impact on Phenolic Metabolism Dynamics in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) throughout the Development of Phytoplasma Infection

Davosir,

Šola,

Ludwig-Müller

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Flavescence doreé phytoplasma (FDp) is a phytopathogenic bacterium associated with Grapevine yellowS disease, which causes heavy damage to viticultural production. Epidemiological data revealed that some FDp strains appear to be more widespread and aggressive. However, there is no data on mechanisms underlying the variable pathogenicity among strains. In this research, we employed chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques to assess how two strains of FDp influence the levels of grapevine phenolic compounds, which are frequently utilized as indicative markers of stress conditions. The results pointed to the upregulation of all branches of phenolic metabolism through the development of infection, correlating with the increase in antioxidative capacity. The more aggressive strain M54 induced stronger downregulation of phenolics' accumulation at the beginning and higher upregulation by the end of the season than the less aggressive M38 strain. These findings reveal potential targets of FDp effectors and provide the first functional demonstration of variable pathogenicity between FDp strains, suggesting the need for future comparative genomic analyses of FDp strains as an important factor in exploring the management possibilities of FDp.

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Section: Resveratrol Content Issupporting

confidence: 61%

Flavescence Dorée Strain-Specific Impact on Phenolic Metabolism Dynamics in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) throughout the Development of Phytoplasma Infection

Davosir,

Šola,

Ludwig-Müller

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…This leads to the downstream specific synthetic pathway to different phenylpropanoid metabolites, including lignans, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, anthocyanins, etc ( Yao et al., 2021 ). Phenylpropanoids are ubiquitous in plants, and these secondary metabolites, which share a hydroxyl aromatic ring ( Boudet, 2007 ; Garibay-Hernandez et al., 2021 ), play an active function in plant growth and development processes and in response to adversity stresses, such as acting as plant antitoxins, stress protection factors, signaling molecules, generating flower and fruit color, and cell composition ( Baxter and Stewart, 2014 ; Kim et al., 2020 ; Bauters et al., 2021 ). We discovered that the pathway of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in S. lycopersicum roots changed significantly under different salt stress periods, and the DEGs and DAMs obtained in this pathway were highly correlated, and the analysis of this regulatory pathway is important for studying the molecular mechanism of S. lycopersicum response against salt stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the role of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in tomato roots during salt stress

et al. 2022

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As global soil salinization continues to intensify, there is a need to enhance salt tolerance in crops. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) roots’ adaptation to salt stress is of great significance to enhance its salt tolerance and promote its planting in saline soils. A combined analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome of S. lycopersicum roots under different periods of salt stress according to changes in phenotypic and root physiological indices revealed that different accumulated metabolites and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were significantly altered. The levels of phenylpropanoids increased and showed a dynamic trend with the duration of salt stress. Ferulic acid (FA) and spermidine (Spd) levels were substantially up-regulated at the initial and mid-late stages of salt stress, respectively, and were significantly correlated with the expression of the corresponding synthetic genes. The results of canonical correlation analysis screening of highly correlated DEGs and construction of regulatory relationship networks with transcription factors (TFs) for FA and Spd, respectively, showed that the obtained target genes were regulated by most of the TFs, and TFs such as MYB, Dof, BPC, GRAS, and AP2/ERF might contribute to the regulation of FA and Spd content levels. Ultimately, FA and Spd attenuated the harm caused by salt stress in S. lycopersicum, and they may be key regulators of its salt tolerance. These findings uncover the dynamics and possible molecular mechanisms of phenylpropanoids during different salt stress periods, providing a basis for future studies and crop improvement.

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“…Like SAR, ISR is also a systemic resistance process, which depends on hormone-induced signal transduction, such as ET and JA, and is accompanied by the activation of pathogenesis-related genes [ 225 ]. There are two main ways that pathogens interfere with SA, direct and indirect [ 226 , 227 ]. On the one hand, the effector acts directly on the SA pathway, including biosynthesis and degradation ( Figure 5 ).…”

Section: Action Mechanisms Of Effectors In Plant-pathogen Interaction...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Action Mechanisms of Effectors in Plant-Pathogen Interaction

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops. Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion weapons to successfully invade and propagate in host plants. Here, we review recent advances made in the field of plant-pathogen interaction models and the action mechanisms of phytopathogenic effectors. The review illustrates how effectors from different species use similar and distinct strategies to infect host plants. We classify the main action mechanisms of effectors in plant-pathogen interactions according to the infestation process: targeting physical barriers for disruption, creating conditions conducive to infestation, protecting or masking themselves, interfering with host cell physiological activity, and manipulating plant downstream immune responses. The investigation of the functioning of plant pathogen effectors contributes to improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions. This understanding has important theoretical value and is of practical significance in plant pathology and disease resistance genetics and breeding.

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Pathogens pulling the strings: Effectors manipulating salicylic acid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri butio n-NonCo mmerc ial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Cited by 38 publications

References 139 publications

Flavescence Dorée Strain-Specific Impact on Phenolic Metabolism Dynamics in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) throughout the Development of Phytoplasma Infection

Flavescence Dorée Strain-Specific Impact on Phenolic Metabolism Dynamics in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) throughout the Development of Phytoplasma Infection

Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the role of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in tomato roots during salt stress

Action Mechanisms of Effectors in Plant-Pathogen Interaction

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