PATHOLOGIC CONFIRMATION OF MALARIA (Plasmodium elongatum) IN AFRICAN PENGUINS (Spheniscus demersus)

Fleischman, Robert W.; Squire, Robert A.; Sladen, William J. L.; Moore, J Percy

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-4.4.133

Cited by 26 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Infections of avian malaria, caused by Plasmodium relictum, P. elongatum and P. cathemerium, have been observed in many captive populations of penguins, often resulting in high mortality (Fleischman et al 1968, Bennett et al 1993a, Clarke & Kerry 1993, Graczyk et al 1994, Jones & Shellam 1999a, Valkiunas 2005, Bueno et al 2010. Haemoproteus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathology and pathogenicity of a novel Haemoproteus spp. infection in wild Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor)

Cannell¹,

Krasnec²,

Campbell³

et al. 2013

Veterinary Parasitology

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. were observed in all ten dead penguins. This is the first study to demonstrate both the in situ presence of the Haemoproteus parasite in any member of the Sphensicidae family and mortality due to its presence. We postulate the involvement of anomalous environmental conditions in a potential increase in local vectors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathology and pathogenicity of a novel Haemoproteus spp. infection in wild Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor)

Cannell¹,

Krasnec²,

Campbell³

et al. 2013

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Graczyk et al (1995) reported uric acid increases in captive African penguins (S. demersus) from the USA that were experimentally infected with P. relictum and, according to Fleischman et al (1968), in African penguins, malaria can trigger extensive kidney damage, which is what possibly occurred to the Magellanic penguins in this study, leading to an increase in serum uric acid in the infected birds. However, in the study of Bueno et al (2010), the investigated biochemistry results were mostly within normal range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…We believe that, when living in uncovered facilities, the animals are more exposed to avian malaria vectors and, therefore, a high incidence of infection was expected in this study, since most animals in this study were kept in uncovered areas and, according to Fleischman et al (1968), Griner (1974) and Cubas et al (2007) avian malaria is a serious problem in penguins kept in unprotected facilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…For instance, biochemistry tests have been largely used in domestic animals, but its use in wild birds still has unanswered gaps. According to Fleischman et al (1968), Fix et al (1988) and Graczyk et al (1995), malarial exoerythrocytic schizonts inhabit the tissues of different internal organs, which allows us to assume that these schizonts might impair their functions and induce detectable variations in serum chemistry parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of hematologic and serum chemistry values of Spheniscus magellanicus with molecular detection of avian malarial parasites (Plasmodium spp.)

et al. 2014

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ABSTRACT.-Campos S.D.E., Pires J.R., Nascimento C.L., Dutra G., Torres-Filho R.A., Toma H.K., Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) routinely migrate from their breeding colonies to Southern Brazil often contracting diseases during this migration, notably avian malaria, which has been already reported in Brazil and throughout the world. Detection of Plasmodium spp. in blood smears is the routine diagnostic method of avian malaria, however it has a low sensitivity rate when compared to molecular methods. Considering the negative impact of avian malaria on penguins, the aim of this study was to detect the presence of Plasmodium spp. in Magellanic penguins using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and by verifying clinical, hematological, and biochemical alterations in blood samples as well as to verify the likely prognosis in response to infection. Blood samples were obtained from 75 penguins to determine packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), uric acid, total protein, albumin, globulin and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity levels. Whole blood samples were used for PCR assays. Plasmodium spp. was detected in 32.0% of the specimens using PCR and in 29.3% using microscopic analyses. Anorexia, diarrhea and neurological disorders were more frequent in penguins with malaria and a significant weight difference between infected and non-infected penguins was detected. PCV and MCV rates showed no significant difference. RBC and WBC counts were lower in animals with avian malaria and leukopenia was present in some penguins. Basophil and lymphocyte counts were lower in infected penguins along with high monocyte counts. There was no significant difference in AST activities between infected and non-infected animals. There was a significant increase in uric acid values, however a decrease in albumin values was observed in infected penguins. Based on this study, we concluded that Plasmodium spp. occurs in Magellanic penguins of rehabilitation centers in Southeastern Considerando o impacto negativo da malária aviária nos pinguins, o objetivo deste estudo foi detectar a presença de Plasmodium spp. em pinguins--de-Magalhães usando a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), verificar as alterações clínicas, hematológicas e bioquímicas e o provável prognóstico em resposta à infecção. Amostras de sangue foram obtidas de 75 pinguins para determinar o hematócrito (Ht), contagens totais de eritrócitos e leucócitos, volume globular médio (VGM), concentração de ácido úrico, proteínas totais, albumina, globulinas e atividade da aspartato aminotransferase (AST). O sangue total foi usado para ensaios de PCR. A detecção de Plasmodium spp. foi obtida em 32,0% dos indivíduos pela PCR e em 29,3% pela análise microscópica. Anorexia, diarreia e alterações neurológicas foram mais frequentes nos pinguins com malária, e uma diferença significativa no peso entre pinguins infetados e não infectados foi detectada. Ht e VGM não mostraram diferença significativa. A contagem ...

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“…Large numbers of birds originating from circumpolar regions (families Spheniscidae and Alcidae) kept in zoological collections of temperate parts of the world succumb each year to avian malaria (Fleischmann et al, 1968;Fix et al, 1988;Loupal & Kutzer, 1995;Sturrock et al, 2007). Penguins and other susceptible birds are not adapted evolutionarily and physiologically to the local species of haemosporidians and become infected when they are placed in the nidi of local malaria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of In-situ Hybridization for the Detection and Identification of Avian Malaria Parasites in Paraffin Wax-embedded Tissues from Captive Penguins

Dinhopl

Mostegl

Richter

et al. 2010

Journal of Comparative Pathology

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PATHOLOGIC CONFIRMATION OF MALARIA (Plasmodium elongatum) IN AFRICAN PENGUINS (Spheniscus demersus)

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

The pathology and pathogenicity of a novel Haemoproteus spp. infection in wild Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor)

The pathology and pathogenicity of a novel Haemoproteus spp. infection in wild Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor)

Analysis of hematologic and serum chemistry values of Spheniscus magellanicus with molecular detection of avian malarial parasites (Plasmodium spp.)

Application of In-situ Hybridization for the Detection and Identification of Avian Malaria Parasites in Paraffin Wax-embedded Tissues from Captive Penguins

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