Pathologic Findings In the Pancreas of Mice Infected With Coxsackievirus B4

Pancreatitis of Mice Infected with Encephalomyocarditis Virus

“…The pathologic changes of the pancreas in E M C viral infected mice were similar to those noted in mice infected with Coxsackie virus B, and B , [4,22], Identifiable viral crystal formation was demonstrated in the pancreas of mice infected with either the E M C virus or Coxsackie B, virus. Therefore, we consider that these two viruses belonging to the same picornavirus group have similar behavioral characteristics associated with the damage of the pancreas and other organs.…”

“…Patients may develop diabetes mellitus after mumps infection [12], Experimental studies revealed a diabetic-like syndrome in Coxsackie virus infected mice [16,20]. Mice infected with Coxsackie virus B, and B4 in this laboratory [4,22] showed remarkable acinar and islet cell damage of the pancreas. E M C virus, belonging to the picornavirus group with the Coxsackie virus, can cause acinar and islet cell damage in the pancreas of mice that later develop diabetes mellitus [7].…”

“…However, the studies in experimental animals included both acinar and islet cells [6,22,23], Recent studies of diabetic patients showed a significant seasonal variation in incidence of diabetes mellitus associated with high titer of serum neutralizing antibody to Coxsackie virus, espe cially type B , [10,11]. Studies in this laboratory showed early degenera tion, necrosis and later atrophic change of islet cells as well as of the acinar cells of the pancreas of mice infected with Coxsackie virus B, and B4 [4,22], Viral crystals were located in cells of the pancreas of animals infected with Coxsackie virus B, [22]. Encephalomyocarditis (EM C) virus, a possible infective agent to man, can produce diabetes mellitus in mice [7|.…”

Virus and Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

“…These effector cells are either directly lytic or produce lymphokines which activate nonspecific cytolytic mechanisms (Walker et al, 1976;Ruddle, 1979). Chemotactic, macrophage-activating and migration-inhibition factors may concentrate activated macrophages in the islets where phagocytosis and release of cytotoxic molecules could promote cytolysis of the beta cells (Fidler, 1975;Evans and Alexander, 1971;Pague et al, 1978;Burch et al, 1971). T-cell-mediated antiviral cytotoxicity is HLA-restricted, providing hypothetical explanation for the skewed distribution of HLA antigens observed in 100M.…”

Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. XV. Beta cell damage and insulin-dependent hyperglycemia in mice infected with coxsackie virus B4.

“…Since the early 1950s, it has been known that members of the Coxsackie virus B group can infect and destroy pancreatic acinar cells while leaving the adjacent islets of Langerhans intact (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). However, in 1971 Burch and associates (14) reported that infection of suckling mice with Coxsackie virus B4 resulted in degranulation of a variable number of beta cells and, by electron microscopy, they observed some alterations in the architecture of the islets. Similar types of observations were made with Coxsackie viruses B 1 and B3 (15,16), but in none of these cases was the degree of beta cell damage quantitated nor were blood glucose levels reported.…”