Pathological alterations in human tendons

Józsa, L; Réffy, A; Kannus, Pekka; S, Demel; Elek, E

doi:10.1007/bf00431359

Cited by 96 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Postmortem studies revealed a prevalence of Achilles tendon degeneration ranging from 15% to 35%. 24,25 The absence of demonstrable vascularity on color Doppler imaging in healthy tendons is consistent with previous studies. 9,10,26 In current practice, there are several sonographic findings that may suggest a diagnosis of tendinopathy, including increase in tendon caliber, altered fibrillar echotexture, and increased tendon vascularity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Sonography of chronic Achilles tendinopathy: A case–control study

Leung

Griffith

2007

J of Clinical Ultrasound

107

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Purpose. To describe the sonographic appearance of Achilles tendon in normal subjects and patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy with the aim of establishing diagnostic sonographic criteria for Achilles tendinopathy.Methods. A prospective, cross-sectional, case-control sonographic study of the Achilles tendon was undertaken. Thirty tendons in 21 patients and 100 tendons in 50 control subjects were selected. Sonographic assessment included tendon thickness, echogenicity, fibrillar pattern, and presence of calcifications. Power Doppler imaging was used to assess tendon vascularity. Paratendinous structures and plantar fascia were also examined.Results. Tendinopathic tendons were larger than normal tendons in both cross-sectional area and anteroposterior diameter. Hypoechoic areas within the tendon were more commonly seen in patients. Disruption of fibrillar pattern, increase in tendon vascularity, increased Kager's fat pad echogenicity, and paratenon thickening were solely seen in patients. Fluid in the retrocalcaneal bursa and calcaneal bony abnormalities were seen in both groups without a significant difference.Conclusion. Achilles tendinopathy results in enlargement, particularly of the mid-and distal portions of the tendon, disruption of fibrillar pattern, and increase in tendon vascularity. Additional signs are increased Kager's fat pad echogenicity and paratenon thickening. Tendon calcification, changes in retrocalcaneal bursae, and calcaneal contour are not specific for Achilles tendinopathy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Sonography of chronic Achilles tendinopathy: A case–control study

Leung

Griffith

2007

J of Clinical Ultrasound

107

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“…A 1990 study by Jozsa used polarization and electron microscopy to study the histological changes found in injured tendons (69). Most common were hypoxic-degenerative tendinopathy, tendolipomatosis infiltrate, mucoid degeneration, and calcific tendinitis.…”

Section: Mechanical Behavior Of Tendonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Ergonomics: Principles and Applications

Bhattacharya¹,

Talbott²,

Kincl³

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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This chapter provides the basic principles that underlie the field of ergonomics and their application to some of the current issues of importance in the workplace. Sections 2–4 deal with the physiology of muscles; biomechanics; cellular responses to tissue, nerve, and joint injuries as they relate to cumulative trauma disorders; and common types of overuse syndromes. The remaining sections deal with applications of the principles to workplace ergonomic issues and proposed ergonomic regulations. The word “ergonomics” is made up of two Greek words, “ergo” meaning work and “nomas” meaning laws. The field of ergonomics is highly interdisciplinary. It applies principles from engineering, physiology, medicine, and psychology to the understanding of the interaction of humans with their workplace. The interaction of humans with their workplace may consist of identifying the relationship between job physical risk factors and physiological responses. For example, a specific ergonomic problem of paramount importance in the occupational health and safety is the issue of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WMD). Some of these issues are discussed further in this chapter. The specific areas of application relevant to the field of ergonomics are defined and briefly explained. Activities that involve repetitive stress have effects that are extremely complicated. Adding internal or external forces to the body can, as described, alter bone, joints, ligaments, tendons, nerves, and muscles. Belief that a repetitive motion will result in an isolated nerve injury without affecting surrounding joints, ligaments, muscles, or tendons is likely to inhibit appropriate care and control of exposed individuals. Additional research is needed to further characterize changes that occur, and current approaches to recognizing, managing, and preventing repetitive injuries must address all tissues in the involved area.

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“…An increased content of type III collagen in the fibers would tend to reduce their tensile strength (Jozsa et al, 1984;Jozsa et al, 1990;Maffulli et al, 2000;Matthew & Moore, 1991). ACS-treated animals showed markedly more mature, thick reddish/orange collagen fibers at weeks 2 and 8 postoperatively as compared with controls and quantitative evaluation of collagen type III showed a three fold reduced level of this collagen at weeks 1, 2 and 8.…”

Section: Autologeous Conditioned Serummentioning

confidence: 99%