Pathological and virological features of skin lesions caused by BVDV in cattle

Abstract

Dermatitis might occur in mucosal disease (MD) caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). This study describes the pathological and virological features of skin lesions associated with BVDV infection in four persistently infected (PI) cattle. Skin samples were reprocessed for histopathology and IHC. BVDV isolates were obtained and were genetically characterized. In addition to upper alimentary system ulcerative lesions, all cattle (one outbreak and three individual cases) presented focal crusty and ulcerative lesions affecting the mucocutaneous and skin-horn junctions, interdigital clefts, pastern, and areas surrounding the dewclaws and diffuse thickened skin within 7-20 days of infection. Microscopic analysis revealed parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and single-cell keratinocyte death, accompanied by ballooning degeneration and spongiosis in the epidermis, as well as intraepithelial and subcorneal pustules. IHC showed BVDV antigen in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes undergoing individual cell death. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates from cattle #1, #2, and #4 belonged to BVDV-1a, whereas that from cattle #3 belonged to BVDV-1d. Cytopathic BVDV was isolated from cattle #2 and #3 (MD), and non-cytopathic BVDV was isolated from cattle #1 and #4. Thus, BVDV infection might cause acute disease, characterized by skin and upper alimentary system ulcerative lesions, in both MD and PI cattle.

Serosurveillance and Molecular Investigation of Wild Deer in Australia Reveals Seroprevalence of Pestivirus Infection

“…We acknowledge that a limitation of this study is the type of tissue utilized for detection of BVDV genetic material. Although there are studies that used serum to detect BVDV by PCR [42,43], BVDV has trophism for epithelia of both the alimentary and integumentary systems [44], however, due to the collection strategies available to us during the sampling procedures, specimens that would be more reliable in detecting low levels of viral nucleic acid over a longer period of infection time, such as reproductive tissues [45,46] or spleen [47], were not available for testing.…”

An IL17RA frameshift variant in a Holstein cattle family with psoriasis-like skin alterations and immunodeficiency

“…Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland. 2 Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Ambulatory Service, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany. 3 Bovine Health Service, Chamber of Agriculture of North Rhine-Westphalia, 59505 Bad Sassendorf, Germany.…”

“…Nevertheless, some are determined exclusively by the environment, e.g. due to infections with pathogens belonging to bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites [1][2][3][4], intoxication [5] and dysfunctional housing [6]. Skin lesions, e.g.…”

Non-structural proteins of bovine viral diarrhea virus

“…In addition, it is often manifested as loss of intestinal gland crypts, erosions, ulcers, and large-scale mucosal necrosis in part or throughout the entire gastrointestinal system [ 16 ]. PI animals with BVDV-1 or BVDV-2 are immune-tolerant to BVDV, carry the virus for life, and excrete the virus to become a new source of infection in the animal population, making it difficult to eradicate the disease [ 17 – 19 ]. Therefore, the complete elimination of PI animals is the most effective way to stop the spread of the disease.…”