Pathological changes in metabolism of poultry related to increasing production levels

Scheele, C.W.

doi:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694756

Cited by 58 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In addition, the CTR chickens had better FCR than the AMT birds during the finishing phase, possibly due to the improved feed efficiency during compensatory growth when the tibias of the CTR chickens were recovering from day 20 to day 34 (Zubaira and Leeson, 1996). Scheele (1997) noted that the growth of the pectoral muscles primarily occurs during the late stages of developmental growth in fast-growing birds. In the present study, an increased slaughter yield was also observed in the treated group, suggesting that the relatively rapid growth of the AMT-fed chickens in the grower and finisher phases may have contributed to the comparable increases in carcass and breast muscle yields.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of a novel synthetic emulsifier product on growth performance of chickens for fattening and weaned piglets

Bontempo

Comi

Jiang

2016

animal

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Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of a novel synthetic emulsifier product (AVI-MUL TOP) on the growth performance of chickens for fattening and weaned piglets. The emulsifier product consists of 50% vegetal bi-distillated oleic acid emulsified with 50% glyceryl polyethyleneglycol ricinoleate. In experiment 1, 480 1-day-old female Cobb500 chickens for fattening were assigned to two treatments: (1) a control diet (CTR); and (2) the control diet + the emulsifier (AMT, 1 g/kg from day 0 to day 10, 0.75 g/kg from day 10 to day 20 and 0.5 g/kg from day 20 to day 34 of the trial). AMT supplementation increased BW on days 20 and 34 (P < 0.01). Dietary AMT increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake (ADFI) from day 10 to day 20, from day 20 to day 34 and from day 0 to day 34 (P < 0.01). A reduced feed conversion ratio was observed in the AMT group from day 10 to day 20 (P < 0.01). In experiment 2, 96 Stambo HBI × Dalland piglets were weaned at 24 days and assigned to two treatments (the basal diet without the product (CTR) or with 2 g/kg emulsifier from day 0 to day 14 and 1.5 g/kg from day 14 to day 42 (AMT)). There was an increase in the ADFI associated with AMT supplementation from day 14 to day 42 (P = 0.04). These results indicated that supplementation with the synthetic emulsifier may significantly improve the growth performance of chickens for fattening and numerically improve that of weaned piglets.

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confidence: 99%

The effects of a novel synthetic emulsifier product on growth performance of chickens for fattening and weaned piglets

Bontempo

Comi

Jiang

2016

animal

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“…**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. whereas leg muscle was not affected at 42 days of age. Scheele (1997) noted that growth occurs primarily in the pectorals and feather during the late stages of development in fast-growing broilers. The relatively rapid growth in PQQ.Na 2 -fed chicks in the grower phase may partly contribute the comparable increase of breast muscle yield.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium on growth performance, carcass yield and antioxidant status of broiler chicks

Samuel

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2015

Animal

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Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a putative essential nutrient and redox modulator in microorganisms, cell and animal models, has been recognized as a growth promoter in rodents. Growth performance, carcass yield and antioxidant status were evaluated on broiler chickens fed different levels of PQQ disodium (PQQ.Na 2 ). A total of 784 day-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly allotted into seven dietary groups: negative control group (NC) fed a basal diet without virginiamycin (VIR) or PQQ.Na 2 ; a positive control group (PC) fed a diet with 15 mg of VIR/kg diet; and PQQ.Na 2 groups fed with 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.40 or 0.80 mg PQQ.Na 2 /kg diet. Each treatment contained eight replicates with 14 birds each. The feeding trial lasted for 6 weeks. The results showed that chicks fed 0.2 mg PQQ.Na 2 /kg diet significantly improved growth performance comparable to those in PC group, and the feed efficiency enhancement effects of dietary PQQ.Na 2 was more apparent in grower phase. Dietary addition of PQQ.Na 2 had the potential to stimulate immune organs development, and low level dietary addition (<0.1 mg/kg) increased plasma lysozyme level. Broilers fed 0.2 mg PQQ.Na 2 /kg diet gained more carcasses at day 42, and had lower lipid peroxide malondialdehyde content and higher total antioxidant power in plasma. The results indicated that dietary PQQ.Na 2 (0.2 mg/kg diet) had the potential to act as a growth promoter comparable to antibiotic in broiler chicks.

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“…In Australia, approximately 55% of eggs are produced in cage layer farms, with the balance coming from barn (9%) and free-range (34%) farms (AECL, 2011). It has been recognised that, typically, metabolic disorders such as FLHS cause loss to the industry through reduced productivity and increased mortality (Julian, 2005;Leeson, 2007;Scheele, 1997). Taking in consideration that more than 50% of Australia's layer flocks are caged, the investigation of the effect of housing system on causes of mortality in laying hens is of economic and ethical importance for Australian poultry industry.…”

Section: Data Processing and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High producing birds within a flock are most often affected by FLHS (Scheele, 1997), most probably due to a relationship between energy metabolism and hormone levels during egg production. Oestrogens influence lipid synthesis which is required for the yolk (Walzem et al, 1999).…”

Section: Hormonal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On post-mortem examination, attention is initially focussed on the extreme accumulation of fat in the abdominal cavity and the visceral regions (Butler, 1976;Scheele, 1997). The liver is enlarged, rounded and very fragile; its colour varies from light brown to yellow (Crespo and Shivaprasad, 2003;Hoerr, 1996).…”

Section: Clinical and Pathological Aspects Of Flhs In Laying Hensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens: Field and Experimental Investigations

Shini¹

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Field and experimental investigations were conducted to study the fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in caged laying hens. The main goal of the research was to gain a greater understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of this non-infectious disease. The disease is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver and abdominal cavity, subsequent liver rupture, haemorrhage and sudden death of hens. It has been shown that the balance between hepatic synthesis and secretion of lipids is the key point that regulates hepatic and extrahepatic fat deposition in hens. Liver fat accumulation can be increased by many factors, especially nutrition, housing conditions, and inflammatory challenges. A description of normal and abnormal lipid metabolism in the hen, and consequences for hen health and disease (including FLHS) is given in the literature review (Chapter 2).The initial study examined mortality of layer flocks kept in three different housing systems (cage, barn and free range) on the Gatton Campus, University of Queensland (Chapter 4). It was shown that there were no significant differences in mortality rates of hens (6.1%, 6.4% and 5.8%, for cages, barns and free range, respectively) between the housing systems but the causes of death were different. The most common cause of death in hens kept in cages was FLHS with 74% of dead hens dying from the condition. In contrast, FLHS only accounted for 0 to 5% of hen mortality in the other systems. Post-mortem of dead hens and body weight monitoring of flocks throughout the laying cycle were recommended as tools to predict FLHS.An epidemiological survey (Chapter 5) of caged flocks in South-Eastern Queensland was undertaken to explore the prevalence of FLHS in commercial layer flocks. From necropsies of dead birds from 7 flocks of different ages, it was found that approximately 40% of hens died due to FLHS. This result indicated that FLHS continues to be the major cause of mortality in commercial caged laying hens kept in either controlled environment sheds or naturally ventilated sheds. As part of the epidemiological study, a questionnaire was circulated among farms and the responses revealed that there is a general lack of knowledge of FLHS in the industry.The study of the pathogenesis of FLHS is very difficult as it occurs sporadically and over an extended period of time in the field. In the studies in Chapter 6, an oestradiol (E 2 ) hen model was used to study the condition. The administration of exogenous E 2 reproduced the disease in 30 wk old laying hens, and was associated with significant changes in E 2 plasma levels and metabolic iv profiles, increased liver weights, and macroscopic (fat depositions, haemorrhages and haematomas) and microscopic alterations. Hens exposed to E 2 and fed ad libitum diet experienced severe FLHS and had a higher incidence of FLHS than hens that had their feed intake restricted by 10%. One interesting observation from this study (not reported from other investigators) was the alteration of total leukocyte n...

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Pathological changes in metabolism of poultry related to increasing production levels

Cited by 58 publications

References 15 publications

The effects of a novel synthetic emulsifier product on growth performance of chickens for fattening and weaned piglets

The effects of a novel synthetic emulsifier product on growth performance of chickens for fattening and weaned piglets

Effects of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium on growth performance, carcass yield and antioxidant status of broiler chicks

Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens: Field and Experimental Investigations

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