Pathological diagnosis of granulomatous lung disease: a review

El‐Zammar, Ola; Katzenstein, A L

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02546.x

Cited by 113 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…The typical TB tissue lesion is a granulomatous inflammation with central necrosis [26]. This is considered a highly specific finding justifying the start of TB treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis of the spine. A systematic review of case series

Fuentes‐Ferrer

Torres

Ramírez

et al. 2011

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

147

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“…The typical TB tissue lesion is a granulomatous inflammation with central necrosis [26]. This is considered a highly specific finding justifying the start of TB treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis of the spine. A systematic review of case series

Fuentes‐Ferrer

Torres

Ramírez

et al. 2011

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

147

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“…Among these, tuberculosis, a lung disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world [3]. A granuloma, composed of a group of epithelioid macrophages surrounded by a lymphocyte cuff, is a characteristic pathophysiological feature induced by mycobacterial infections and is an important element of the host defense system [2,4]. Interestingly, little is known about the immunological and pathological mechanisms that control granuloma formation in the lung.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lung is one of the most immunologically challenged organs and can be affected by a number of granulomainducing agents including non-infectious environmental factors and infectious mycobacteria, fungi, and parasites [1,2]. Among these, tuberculosis, a lung disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TLR9 activation is a key event for the maintenance of a mycobacterial antigen‐elicited pulmonary granulomatous response

et al. 2007

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Type 1 (Th1) granulomas can be studied in mice sensitized with mycobacterium antigens followed by challenge of agarose beads covalently coupled to purified protein derivative. TLR9 is known to play a role in the regulation of Th1 responses; thus, we investigated the role of TLR9 in granuloma formation during challenge with mycobacterium antigens and demonstrated that mice deficient in TLR9 had increased granuloma formation, but a dramatically altered cytokine phenotype. Th1 cytokine levels of IFN-c and IL-12 in the lungs were decreased in TLR9 -/-mice when compared to wild-type mice. In contrast, Th2 cytokine levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were increased in TLR9 -/-mice. The migration of CD4 + T cells in the granuloma was impaired, while the number of F4/80 + macrophages was increased in TLR9 -/-mice. Macrophages in the lungs of the TLR9-deficient animals with developing granulomas expressed significantly lower levels of the classically activated macrophage marker, nitric oxide synthase, but higher levels of the alternatively activated macrophage markers such as 'found in inflammatory zone-1 0 antigen and Arginase-1. These results suggest that TLR9 plays an important role in maintaining the appropriate phenotype in a Th1 granulomatous response.

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“…Multinucleated cells are observed regularly in the immune response to malignancy (Cohen and Kurzrock, 2007), and some microbial and parasitic diseases (El-Zammar and Katzenstein, 2007). First reported in patients with tuberculosis over a century ago, multinucleated giant cells are formed by macrophage fusion (Kreipe et al, 1988) and represent an end-point in myeloid cell lineage development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced formation of giant cells in common variable immunodeficiency: Relation to granulomatous disease

Scott-Taylor

Whiting

Pettengell

et al. 2017

Clinical Immunology

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Peripheral monocytes from patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) had on average a 2 fold greater tendency to form giant cells in medium without additional cytokines. Giant cell formation was faster and 3 to 5 fold higher in most CVID cells compared to normal. Addition of IL4, GMCSF, IFNγ, TNFa and both T cell and monocyte conditioned media promoted monocyte fusion of some CVID individuals over 5 fold the normal average level, with combinations of cytokines and monokines acting synergistically. The reduction of normal giant cell formation by anti-IFNγ antibody and a greater tendency of CVID cells to fuse in immunoglobulin conditioned media suggests that standard IVIg treatment contributes to granuloma formation. CVID and normal giant cells expressed similar levels of phenotypic molecules and had similar phagocytic activity. Monocytes from many CVID patients have an elevated tendency to fuse which may explain the high incidence of granulomatous complications in CVID.

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Pathological diagnosis of granulomatous lung disease: a review

Cited by 113 publications

References 127 publications

Tuberculosis of the spine. A systematic review of case series

Tuberculosis of the spine. A systematic review of case series

TLR9 activation is a key event for the maintenance of a mycobacterial antigen‐elicited pulmonary granulomatous response

Enhanced formation of giant cells in common variable immunodeficiency: Relation to granulomatous disease

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