Pathological Findings and Oxidative Stress Status Associated with Hydatidosis in Dromedary Camels

Abstract

(1) Background: Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic helminth disease that causes severe economic losses. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and viability of cystic echinococcosis in examined camels. In addition, assessing the histological, morphological, oxidative, and antioxidant state related to the cystic echinococcosis infection; (2) Methods: The study was performed on 152 slaughtered dromedary camels between March and September 2022 at El-Basatin abattoir in Cairo Governorate, Egypt; (3) Results: The results revealed that the prevalence of hydatidosis was 21.7% in slaughtered camel and the highest infection rate observed in lungs was 87.87%, while it was 9% in livers. Camels’ liver infections were rare, whereas their lung infections were more common. By comparing to non-infected camels, the level of MAD was significantly increased with hydatid cysts infection, while the level of GSH, SOD and CAT was significantly decreased. Histopathological section of camel cyst revealed layered membranes surrounded by a zone of cellular infiltration and an outermost fibrous tissue reaction. In addition, there was evidence of atelectasis, emphysema, hemorrhage, congestion, and fibrosis in the surrounding tissues. Nonetheless, the degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes and other pathological alterations in liver cyst sections were remarkably comparable to those seen in the lungs. Furthermore, calcification was detected.

A Novel Designed Sandwich ELISA for the Detection of Echinococcus granulosus Antigen in Camels for Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis

“…In Egypt, CE is endemic in humans and animals [19] with variable positive rates of hydatid cyst, in cattle, sheep, goats, and camels [20]. The positive rate of hydatid cysts among slaughtered camels was 3.7% in Sharkia [21], 5.6% in Giza [22], 9% in Assuit [23], 10% in Aswan [24], 21.7% in Cairo [25], and 39.5% in Beni-Suef [22]. Its control is achieved using long-term strategies of prevention and control, mainly targeted at deworming dogs, meat inspection, health education, and surveillance in both livestock and human populations [26].…”

Advances in Detecting Cystic Echinococcosis in Intermediate Hosts and New Diagnostic Tools: A Literature Review

“…After post-mortem inspection, the CE diagnosis can be confirmed following a direct analysis of cystic liquid using microscopy, which can detect the presence of protoscoleces or their part, the hooks, and their viability. E. granulosus may cause hydatid disease in many warm-blooded animals, including pigs [ 59 ]. After postmortem examination, if cysts are not visible with the naked eye because of their small size, it is possible to examine organs, such as the liver, by histopathology [ 60 ].…”

Sero-immunological Investigation of Cystic Echinococcosis: Comparison and Evaluation of Diagnostic Performances of Six Hydatid Cyst Antigens

“…Based on their characteristics, hydatid cysts are divided into three groups: sterile hydatid cysts, which are fluid-filled but lack protoscoleces; fertile hydatid cysts, which have protoscoleces and/or daughter cysts; and calcified hydatid cysts, which have a toughened wall and no protoscoleces [14]. The usual structure of hydatid cysts looked to have an outer layer called the cuticular membrane and an inner layer called the germinal layer, along with cellular infiltration and a fibrous tissue capsule found in the liver and lung tissue affected by the infection [15]. Early detection of CE using serology may offer chances for more successful chemotherapy, early treatment, and post-treatment follow-up [16].…”