Pathological Findings Associated with Experimental Infection by Trypanosoma evansi in Cats

Silva, A.S. Da; Pierezan, Felipe; Wolkmer, Patrícia; Costa, Márcio Machado; Oliveiro, C.B.; Tonin, Alexandre Alberto; Santurio, Jânio M.; Lopes, Sonia T.A.; Monteiro, Sílvia González

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.10.020

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Group A has inflicted high mortalities during the experiment period which was similar to the results of Samah [10]; Hoare [11] and Dargantes et al [12]. In the rats infected-treated with Quinapyramine Sulphate at a dose of 20 mg/kgbw (B group), the rats showed a prepatent period of 3-5 days post infection which was similar to the result reported by Da Silva et al [13] in cats experimentally infected with T. evansi as well as with rats infected by T. evansi [14] and with goats infected by T. evansi [15]. Biochemical evaluation of the body fluids gives an indication of the functional state of various body organs and biochemical changes in body fluids that result from infections depending on the species of the parasite and it's virulence [16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Serum Biochemical and Histopathological Changes in Rats Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma evansi Isolated from Dromedary Camels in Sudan

Abuessailla¹,

Aa²,

Agab³

et al. 2017

IJLSSR

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ABSTRACT-The biochemical and histopathological changes in rats experimentally infected with T. evansi isolated from camels in El-Gadarif State, Sudan, were studied. A number of 18 adult male outbred albino rats, weighing between 133-137g were used in the study. The rats were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each (A,B and E). Group A and B were intraperitoneally infected with T. evansi (Showak stabilate) with 1×10 4 trypanosoma for the inoculum. Group B was given quinapyramine sulphate (20 mg/kg bwt) after parasitaemia was evident. Group E was left healthy uninfected controls for the stabilate. There was significant reduction in serum glucose and phosphorus; compared to significant increase in Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (GOT), Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) and total protein in groups (A and B). Microscopically, the brain tissues of the infected rats revealed acute congestion of the meningeal capillaries, perivascular oedema, neuronecrosis (vaculation), gliosis and trypomastigotes in dilated capillaries. The lung revealed oedema, congestion, multifocal alveolar emphysema, hyperplasia of the peri-bronchiolar lymphoid tissues and haemorrhages. The spleen showed extensive haemorrhages, haemosiderosis and aggregation of histiocytes resulting in multinuclear giant cells formation. The kidneys showed acute congestion of the glomerular tufts. All tissues obtained showed exactly the same histopathological changes. No significant histopathological alterations were observed in the liver and heart. The most consistent histopathological changes were seen in the brain, lungs, spleen and kidneys. These changes were consistent with trypanosome infection and were confirmed by the presence of trypanosomes in most of the tissue sections examined.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Serum Biochemical and Histopathological Changes in Rats Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma evansi Isolated from Dromedary Camels in Sudan

Abuessailla¹,

Aa²,

Agab³

et al. 2017

IJLSSR

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“…Trypanosoma evansi is the causative agent of surra and is endemic in large parts of Asia, Africa (where the disease is also known as “ el debab”), Latin America (where the disease is also known as “ mal de caderas” ), and the Canary Islands of Spain. The parasite is an important pathogenic agent of numerous wild and domestic animals, including camels, horses, buffaloes, cattle, dogs, and cats and causes both acute and chronic disease resulting in major economic loss . T evansi is closely related to the African kinetoplastid flagellate T brucei and can be distinguished by partial or complete loss of kinetoplast DNA, which traps the parasite in the circulating stage in the vertebrate host and prevents formation of the procyclic stage in the insect vector tsetse Glossina spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corneal edema also has been reported during natural infection . Although histologic findings in natural infections in horses and experimental infections in cats have been described, findings in dogs have not been reported. Recently, disseminated CNS disease caused by T evansi was reported in a mare .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parasite is an important pathogenic agent of numerous wild and domestic animals, including camels, horses, buffaloes, cattle, dogs, and cats and causes both acute and chronic disease resulting in major economic loss. [1][2][3][4][5][6] T evansi is closely related to the African kinetoplastid flagellate T brucei and can be distinguished by partial or complete loss of kinetoplast DNA, 7 which traps the parasite in the circulating stage in the vertebrate host and prevents formation of the procyclic stage in the insect vector tsetse Glossina spp. In the absence of cyclical transmission by the tsetse fly, T evansi is mechanically transmitted and not bound to the distribution area of tsetse flies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine Trypanosoma evansi infection introduced into Germany

Defontis

Richartz

Engelmann

et al. 2012

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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A 9-year-old male Jack Russell Terrier with a history of travel to Thailand was presented with chronic lethargy, weight loss, unilateral anterior uveitis, pancytopenia, hyperglobulinemia, and proteinuria. Numerous trypomastigotes were found on a blood smear, and using molecular methods the parasite was identified as Trypanosoma evansi. After initial response to treatment, the dog experienced a relapse with central neurologic signs 88 days after initial presentation and died. Antibodies to T evansi were detected in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using a card agglutination test (CATT/T evansi), and PCR analysis of CSF for T evansi was positive. Findings at necropsy included marked non-purulent meningoencephalitis. Chronic infection with T evansi in a dog that returned to Germany following international travel highlights the risk associated with introduction of foreign animal diseases to Europe and the possibility of these infections becoming endemic. Detection of chronic infection and curative therapy of trypanosomiasis are challenging, and infection is usually fatal in the dog.

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“…In dogs infected by T. b. brucei, the eyes are one of the most severely affected organs, and infection by T. evansi can provoke blindness [274,275]. Experimental infections of cats with T. brucei [276] and of cats and goats with T. evansi highlight their disseminative capacity in the eye, with their presence being detected in the aqueous humor [277,278].…”

Section: Conjunctival Swab/lacrimal Fluid/occularmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sereno

Akhoundi

Sayehmri

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Unicellular eukaryotes of the Trypanosomatidae family include human and animal pathogens that belong to the Trypanosoma and Leishmania genera. Diagnosis of the diseases they cause requires the sampling of body fluids (e.g., blood, lymph, peritoneal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid) or organ biopsies (e.g., bone marrow, spleen), which are mostly obtained through invasive methods. Body fluids or appendages can be alternatives to these invasive biopsies but appropriateness remains poorly studied. To further address this question, we perform a systematic review on clues evidencing the presence of parasites, genetic material, antibodies, and antigens in body secretions, appendages, or the organs or proximal tissues that produce these materials. Paper selection was based on searches in PubMed, Web of Science, WorldWideScience, SciELO, Embase, and Google. The information of each selected article (n = 333) was classified into different sections and data were extracted from 77 papers. The presence of Trypanosomatidae parasites has been tracked in most of organs or proximal tissues that produce body secretions or appendages, in naturally or experimentally infected hosts. The meta-analysis highlights the paucity of studies on human African trypanosomiasis and an absence on animal trypanosomiasis. Among the collected data high heterogeneity in terms of the I 2 statistic (100%) is recorded. A high positivity is recorded for antibody and genetic material detection in urine of patients and dogs suffering leishmaniasis, and of antigens for leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Data on conjunctival swabs can be analyzed with molecular methods solely for dogs suffering canine visceral leishmaniasis. Saliva and hair/bristles showed a pretty good positivity that support their potential to be used for leishmaniasis diagnosis. In conclusion, our study pinpoints significant gaps that need to be filled in order to properly address the interest of body secretion and hair or bristles for the diagnosis of infections caused by Leishmania and by other Trypanosomatidae parasites.

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Pathological Findings Associated with Experimental Infection by Trypanosoma evansi in Cats

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Serum Biochemical and Histopathological Changes in Rats Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma evansi Isolated from Dromedary Camels in Sudan

Serum Biochemical and Histopathological Changes in Rats Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma evansi Isolated from Dromedary Camels in Sudan

Canine Trypanosoma evansi infection introduced into Germany

Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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