Pathological Findings in the Pituitary Glands of Dogs and Cats

Polledo, L.; Grinwis, Guy C. M.; Graham, Peter; Dunning, Mark; Baiker, Kerstin

doi:10.1177/0300985818784162

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In this study population, cystic lesions were the most common finding, in agreement with a previous study on pathological pituitary findings at necropsies 16 . The previous study identified two subtypes of cysts: with and without epithelial lining, based on histopathology.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, published studies are currently lacking that describe the frequency at which pituitary MRI findings are identified in dogs without manifest pituitary disease. A study has been recently published about pathological findings in the pituitary gland incidentally discovered during routine necropsies of the brain of dogs and cats 16 . This demonstrated that pituitary lesions can be found in asymptomatic dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Variation in the MRI appearance of the canine pituitary gland

Travetti¹,

White

Labruyère³

et al. 2020

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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A recent publication described pathological findings in the pituitary gland incidentally discovered during routine necropsies of the brain of dogs and cats; however, imaging characteristics of these lesions were not reported. Aims of this retrospective, observational study were to characterize MRI variants and incidental lesions in pituitary glands of dogs with no clinical signs of pituitary disease. Cranial MRIs from dogs with no suspicion of pituitary disease, based on history and presenting clinical signs, were retrieved from a veterinary teleradiology database during the period of January 2014 to January 2016. Images were reinterpreted by two observers and pituitary lesions were described based on consensus. A total of 580 scans were evaluated and pituitary lesions were detected in 78 dogs (13.44%). Pituitary cystic lesions were the most common finding and occurred in 31 dogs (5.34%). Of these 31 dogs, the majority (74%) were of toy or brachycephalic breed. Partial or total empty sella lesions were detected in 14 dogs (2.41%), and all of these were small or toy breeds. A significantly increased incidence of the partial empty sella lesion was found in male dogs (P = .034). Pituitary lesions greater than 1 cm occurred rarely (0.69%). There was a significant association between low‐field (LF) MRI strength and detection of a partial or total empty sella lesion (P = .0112), and detection of a pituitary lesion greater than 1 cm (P = .0125). A significant difference was present between the MRI field strength (FS) that identified pituitary cysts and the FS that detected an empty sella (P = .0068), with the former being a high FS and the latter a LF strength. The findings from this study indicated that up to 13% of dogs with no presenting clinical signs of pituitary disease may have MRI pituitary lesions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Variation in the MRI appearance of the canine pituitary gland

Travetti¹,

White

Labruyère³

et al. 2020

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

Self Cite

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“…Twenty‐seven of these dogs were diagnosed with ADH, and in 8 dogs pituitary enlargement also was present. These 8 dogs presumably had concurrent pituitary and adrenal hypercortisolism, but the differentiation between a hormonally active tumor and other pathology such as hyperplasia or a nonsecreting tumor could not be made . Finding nonfunctional lesions is of importance for the prognosis because a nonfunctional adrenocortical lesion can be or become a malignancy and a nonfunctional pituitary lesion can cause a mass effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent pituitary and adrenocortical lesions on computed tomography imaging in dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism

Bokhorst

Kooistra

Boroffka

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundSpontaneous hypercortisolism or Cushing's syndrome in dogs is either pituitary or adrenal dependent, but concurrent pituitary and adrenal hypercortisolism also has been reported.ObjectiveTo determine how often concurrent pituitary and adrenal lesions are present in dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism.AnimalsTwo hundred one client‐owned dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism.MethodsRetrospective study. Pre‐ and post‐contrast computed tomography (CT) scans of the pituitary and adrenal glands were performed in dogs with confirmed hypercortisolism.ResultsIn dogs with dexamethasone‐suppressible hypercortisolism (122/201), 78 dogs (64%) had an enlarged pituitary gland (median pituitary height/brain area [P/B], 0.43 × 10−2 mm−1; range, 0.32‐1.21 × 10−2 mm−1). Two of these 78 dogs had concurrent adrenal lesions. In the remaining dogs (44/122; 36%), the pituitary gland was not enlarged. In the dexamethasone‐resistant group (79/201), the pituitary gland was enlarged in 47 dogs (59%; median P/B, 0.57 × 10−2; range, 0.32‐1.50 × 10−2 mm−1). Eight of these 47 dogs (17%) had concurrent adrenal lesions. In the remaining 32 dexamethasone‐resistant dogs (41%), the pituitary gland was not enlarged. Among them, 27 dogs had adrenal lesions and suppressed ACTH concentrations consistent with adrenal‐dependent hypercortisolism and 5 dogs were diagnosed with pituitary‐dependent hypercortisolism.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceConcurrent pituitary and adrenal lesions were present in 5% of all dogs with hypercortisolism and in 10% of the dexamethasone‐resistant dogs. Diagnostic imaging of both pituitary and adrenal glands should be included in the diagnostic evaluation of every dog with spontaneous hypercortisolism to obtain information needed for estimation of prognosis and choosing the optimal treatment.

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“…[8][9][10] Cystic neoplasms or other congenital and developmental cystic lesions (hydranencephaly and porencephaly) are very rarely described. 8,11,12 All cases have been intraaxial or quadrigeminal, except one intraventricular parasitic cystic lesion. 3 Although the MRI features of the current case could be compatible with a parasitic cyst, 2 this hypothesis was excluded due to the cat living only indoors, the chronic history of the case and the absence of parasite detection in the cystic fluid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptomatic lateral ventricular cystic lesion in a young cat

Debreuque

DUCERVEAU²,

Valin³

et al. 2020

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary A 1.5-year-old male neutered Persian cat was referred for acute deterioration of chronic left head tilt and ataxia. A lateral intraventricular cystic lesion, closely associated with the left choroid plexus, was identified on MRI. The intralesional signal intensity and cytological analysis of the fluid revealed a liquid similar to cerebrospinal fluid. After trepanation, an endoscopic-assisted fenestration and aspiration of the cyst were performed to temporally relieve the high intracranial pressure while waiting for surgical cystoperitoneal shunt placement. Three weeks after surgery, clinical relapse and recurrence of the lesion were noted on the pre-cystoperitoneal shunting MRI. During anaesthesia, the cat arrested. Cardiac resuscitation was successfully performed and cystoperitoneal shunting was postponed. Global brain ischaemia was then suspected, based on major forebrain clinical signs and MRI abnormalities. During a 6-month recovery period, a further three fine-needle CT-guided aspirations of the lesion were required, owing to clinical recurrence and increased cyst size. Cystoperitoneal shunting was eventually performed, allowing persistent reduction of the lesion and long-term improvement of the cat’s neurological status. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of a symptomatic lateral intraventricular cystic lesion in a cat. A left lateral intraventricular choroid plexus cyst was suspected based on the MRI features. Our case suggests that endoscopic fenestration and CT-guided aspiration are not adequate treatments for long-term management. Cystoperitoneal shunting may be a safe procedure, allowing significant and stable reduction of the cystic lesion, associated with improvement in the cat’s neurological status by preventing high intracranial pressure.

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Pathological Findings in the Pituitary Glands of Dogs and Cats

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Variation in the MRI appearance of the canine pituitary gland

Variation in the MRI appearance of the canine pituitary gland

Concurrent pituitary and adrenocortical lesions on computed tomography imaging in dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism

Symptomatic lateral ventricular cystic lesion in a young cat

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