Pathological fracture in congenital rubella. A case report

Sacks, Richard S.; Habermann, ET

doi:10.2106/00004623-197759040-00030

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…All three studies agree that the observed changes are the result of decreased osteoclast numbers and suggest different mechanisms for osteopetrosis, including BVDV induced secretion of IL1 inhibitor from monocytes, direct viral changes to bone marrow derived cells, and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by type I IFNs [ 57 , 65 , 66 ]. Similar bone lesions and pathologies are found in human neonates following transplacental infection with human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and rubella virus, characterized by irregular radiodense zones and pathologic fractures [ 26 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Epigenomic and Proteomic Changes in Fetal Spleens Persistently Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Repercussions for the Developing Immune System, Bone, Brain, and Heart

Georges

Campen

Bielefeldt‐Ohmann

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection during early gestation results in persistently infected (PI) immunotolerant calves that are the primary reservoirs of the virus. Pathologies observed in PI cattle include congenital defects of the brain, heart, and bone as well as marked functional defects in their immune system. It was hypothesized that fetal BVDV infection alters T cell activation and signaling genes by epigenetic mechanisms. To test this, PI and control fetal splenic tissues were collected on day 245 of gestation, 170 days post maternal infection. DNA was isolated for reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, protein was isolated for proteomics, both were analyzed with appropriate bioinformatic methods. Within set parameters, 1951 hypermethylated and 691 hypomethylated DNA regions were identified in PI compared to control fetuses. Pathways associated with immune system, neural, cardiac, and bone development were associated with heavily methylated DNA. The proteomic analysis revealed 12 differentially expressed proteins in PI vs. control animals. Upregulated proteins were associated with protein processing, whereas downregulated proteins were associated with lymphocyte migration and development in PI compared to control fetal spleens. The epigenetic changes in DNA may explain the immune dysfunctions, abnormal bone formation, and brain and heart defects observed in PI animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Epigenomic and Proteomic Changes in Fetal Spleens Persistently Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Repercussions for the Developing Immune System, Bone, Brain, and Heart

Georges

Campen

Bielefeldt‐Ohmann

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…Most common organism is Staphylococcus aureus but in the very young child, Haemophilus influenzae B and Streptococcus pneumoniae have a significant prevalence 2. Rare causes include congenital rubella6 and congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease 7…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fever with pain in bilateral shoulder joints

Kapoor

Mehtani

Batra

2001

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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A 15 year old male presented with a history of moderate fever with pain and limitation of movement of both shoulder joints for three weeks. On clinical examination the patient was febrile (100°F) and there was tenderness around the shoulder and proximal half of his upper arm on both sides. There was periarticular muscle spasm but no signs of any collection. There was restriction of both active and passive movements. There were no other significant findings.Investigations showed total leucocyte count 14.2 × 10 9 /l, with increased polymorphs (polymorphs 88%, lymphocytes 10%, monocytes 2%). Erythrocytic sedimentation rate was 63 mm/hour (Wintrobe's). Widal test was negative. All other blood investigations were within normal limits. Radiographs of both the shoulder joints were taken and are shown in fig 1. Aspiration on the right side with an 18 gauge needle revealed a drop of pus, which was sent for culture and sensitivity examination. Aspiration on the left side was negative. The patient was operated on the right side. Adequate debridement was done and a bone biopsy specimen was taken; this showed signs of chronic inflammation. Questions(1) Describe the radiography findings.(2) What is the diagnosis? (3) What is the diVerential diagnosis? (4) Discuss the treatment of this condition.

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“…1); irregularity of the growth plate may be observed. The absence of periostitis is noted, spontaneous pathological fracture has been reported [8], and epiphyseal maturation of the knee is often delayed. Radiographic abnormalities result from inhibition of the mitotic activity of cartilaginous bone-forming cells by the rubella virus [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%