Pathological Gambling Among Cocaine-Dependent Outpatients

Hall, Gladys W.; Carriero, Nicholas; Takushi, Ruby Y.; Montoya, Iván D.; Preston, Kenzie L.; Gorelick, David A.

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.7.1127

Cited by 105 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…While the majority reported no or few gambling problems, a significant proportion (10.6 % moderate risk and 7.8 % problem gamblers) reported problems associated with their gambling. Findings are similar to those observed among people addicted to cocaine who are in treatment (Hall et al 2000;Toneatto and Brennan 2002) and those reported by consumers of alcohol or other drugs in treatment (Barnes et al 2015). Also, results align with previous studies of active consumers of substances such as the homeless (Nower et al 2014;Shaffer et al 2002;Sharman et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Indeed, within this vulnerable population, PG is 8 to 24 times the prevalence reported for the general population (Cowlishaw et al 2014;Cowlishaw and Hakes 2015;Cunningham-Williams et al 2000;Fernandez-Montalvo et al 2012;Mathias et al 2009;Toneatto and Brennan 2002). The few studies that have focused on cocaine users, all of which were carried out in drug treatment centers, have found prevalence rates of problem gambling among cocaine dependent users ranging from 8 to 15 % (Hall et al 2000;Steinberg et al 1992;Toneatto and Brennan 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…alcohol or drugs) present a more severe clinical picture when entering treatment and report more mental health problems when compared with those who have one dependence problem (Arseneault et al 2001;Cunningham-Williams et al 2000;Feigelman et al 1998;Fernandez-Montalvo et al 2012;Hall et al 2000;Liu et al 2009;Mathias et al 2009;Petry 2007). Treatment studies concerning cocaine users have found those with gambling problems to be more likely unemployed, to have had a higher prevalence of antisocial personality disorders and more frequent issues with the justice system (Hall et al 2000;Toneatto and Brennan 2002). However, these results do not provide much needed information concerning those active cocaine users neither contributed to understand which risk factors are associated with gambling problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gambling Problems Among Community Cocaine Users

et al. 2016

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Cocaine use is highly prevalent and a major public health problem. While some studies have reported frequent comorbidity problems among cocaine users, few studies have included evaluation of gambling problems. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of gambling problems and compare those who were at-risk gamblers with nonproblem gamblers in terms of mental health problems, substance use problems, and some risk factors (i.e. family antecedents, erroneous perceptions and coping strategies) among individuals who smoke or inject cocaine.METHOD: A total of 424 smoked or injected cocaine users recruited through community-based programs in Montreal, Quebec completed the questionnaire, including the Canadian Pathological Gambling Index, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the CAGE, and the Severity Dependence Scale (SDS).RESULTS: Of the sample, 18.4 % were considered at-risk gamblers, of whom 7.8 % had problems gambling and 10.6 % were moderate-risk gamblers. The at-risk group was more likely to have experienced a recent phobic disorder and alcohol problems than the non-problem group. A multivariate analysis showed that, compared to those who were non-problem gamblers, the at-risk ones were more likely to have lost a large sum of money when they first started gambling, believed that their luck would turn, and gambled in reaction to painful life events. These results indicate the need to include routines for screening to identify gambling problem among cocaine users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gambling Problems Among Community Cocaine Users

et al. 2016

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“…This fact is quite relevant as it corroborates the literature on comorbidity of these two disorders. The observed pathological gambling rate is higher than that found by Lesieur 10 as well as by Hall et al 4 It is only lower than that found among addicts in hospital. Besides, this fact draws attention to the population of substance abusers as a group at risk of pathological gambling, as the data found was considerably higher than the prevalence of pathological gambling in the general population, which varies from 1 to 4%.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Eight percent of pathological gamblers were seen among cocaine-dependent patients under treatment. 4 Petry, 12 in a study which sought to analyze psychiatric symptoms in substance abusers, divided this population in two samples: one of subjects with gambling problems and another of those without gambling problems. Of the 103 subjects interviewed, 30.1% were identified as possible pathological gamblers according to South Oaks Gambling Screen scale (SOGS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freqüência de jogo patológico entre farmacodependentes em tratamento

et al. 2005

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ObjectiveTo investigate the frequency of pathological gambling among alcohol and other substance abusers who sought specialized treatment. Methods Seventy-four outpatients from three different substance abuse treatment services were interviewed. The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) scale was used for the diagnosis of pathological gambling. The diagnosis of alcohol and other substances abuse was established according to the DSM-IV criteria and the Short Alcohol Dependence Data (SADD) scale. The Portuguese version of the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ) scale was used to detect psychiatric symptoms and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) for depressive symptoms. Average scores obtained from the application of these scales were compared using the Student t-test. Results All subjects met the criteria for drug abuse, 61.6% met the alcohol dependence criteria, 60.3% for cocaine/crack, and 34.2% for cannabis. According to the SOGS scale, the majority of drug addicts (70.3%) were classified as social gamblers, 10.8% as problem gamblers and 18.9% as pathological gamblers. Psychiatric and depression symptoms were found in the sample. Pathological gambling patients showed more depression symptoms than non-pathological gambling patients. Conclusions A high frequency of pathological gambling was found among the drug addicts interviewed. It is emphasized the importance of investigating pathological gambling among patients under treatment of drug abuse and to include strategies for the treatment of this disorder.

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