Pathological, Immunohistochemical, and In-situ Hybridization Studies of Natural Cases of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) in Pigs

Rosell, C.; Segalés, Joaquím; Plana-Durán, J.; Balasch, M.; Rodríguez-Arrioja, G. M.; Kennedy, S.; Allan, G.; McNeilly, F.; Latimer, Kenneth S.; Domingo, Mariano

doi:10.1053/jcpa.1998.0258

Cited by 351 publications

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“…Correlative tissue sections containing the same tissues were placed on Probe On Plus glass microscope slides (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, USA) in order to perform an in situ hybridisation technique to detect PCV2 nucleic acid following previously published protocols [15].…”

Section: Histopathology and In Situ Hybridisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is nowadays considered as the etiological agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), a recently described disease of nursery and growing domestic pigs [15]. The disease was initially described in Canada [8] but, during the last seven years, PMWS cases have been described worldwide, except in Oceania [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological study on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection in the European wild boar (Sus scrofa)

et al. 2004

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-Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is considered as the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in domestic pigs, where the virus is ubiquitous as evidenced by serological surveys. We present the results of the first nationwide sero-survey on the presence of PCV2 antibodies in European wild boars, and report the first PMWS case in a wild boar from Spain. Sera from 656 hunter harvested wild boars from 45 different geographical sites and 22 additional imported animals were analysed by means of an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA). We also examined the tissues from 55 healthy and one diseased wild boars for the presence of PCV2 nucleic acid and PMWS lesions by in situ hybridisation and histopathology, respectively. Additionally, abundance estimates of wild boars and field interviews were carried out on 30 sampling sites. The prevalence of medium to high PCV2 serological titres among the examined wild boars was 47.89 ± 1.9%. Seropositive wild boars appeared in all but one of the geographical regions analysed. Seroprevalence and titre of PCV2 antibodies were closely related to the management of the wild boar populations. Wild boars from intensively managed, farm-like populations had higher prevalence than wild boars living in more natural situations. The effect of wild boar abundance and management on PCV2 antibody prevalence was further evidenced by the high correlation existing between the relative abundance estimates of animals and the percentage of wild boars with medium to high levels of PCV2 antibodies. PCV2 nucleic acid was detected in the tissues of three wild boars. One of these was diagnosed as PMWS. The results, in addition to information on piglet mortalities, suggest a potential role of PMWS in piglet mortality in intensively managed wild boar populations.

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Section: Histopathology and In Situ Hybridisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological study on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection in the European wild boar (Sus scrofa)

et al. 2004

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“…Gross lesions in affected pigs include lymph node hyperplasia and non-collapsed, rubbery lungs, as the most frequent findings. Microscopically, lymphocyte depletion and histiocytic infiltration with or without multinucleate giant cells and amphophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in lymphoid tissues, and interstitial pneumonia, hepatitis and nephritis are usually observed [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental inoculation of porcine circoviruses type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) in rabbits and mice

Quintana

Balasch²,

Segalés

et al. 2002

Vet. Res.

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-The objective of this work was to investigate the susceptibility of rabbits and mice experimentally inoculated with porcine circoviruses type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) to infection and development of disease and/or lesions. Forty six New Zealand rabbits and 50 ICR-CD1 mice were both divided into two groups comprising PCV1 and PCV2 inoculated animals, and a third group inoculated with non-infected cell culture medium. Rabbits were inoculated intranasally while mice were inoculated intraperitoneally. Clinical signs and body weights were recorded at the start of the experiment and at necropsy. Animals were bled, euthanised and necropsied at days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 20 post-inoculation and samples were collected for histopathological, serological, in situ hybridisation and PCR analysis. No clinical signs or gross and microscopic lesions compatible with PCV2 infections such as those seen in pigs were observed. No presence of PCV2 nucleic acid was detected in rabbits and mice by in situ hybridisation. Only one mouse inoculated with PCV1 seroconverted on day 20 PI. PCV1 and PCV2 genome was detected in serum by PCR in mice inoculated with each porcine circovirus, while rabbits were negative for both viral types. These studies indicated that porcine circoviruses did not cause any disease or microscopic lesions in inoculated rabbits and mice during the experimental period. However, intraperitoneally inoculated mice might have harboured PCV2 in circulation without evidence of viral replication. chacun divisés en deux groupes comprenant des animaux inoculés avec PCV1 et PCV2, et un troisième groupe inoculé avec un milieu de culture non-infecté. Les lapins ont été inoculés par voie intranasale et les souris par voie intrapéritonéale. Les signes cliniques et le poids des animaux ont été enregistrés au début de l'expérience et au moment de l'autopsie. Aux jours 0, 3, 7, 10, 14 et 20 après inoculation, le sang des animaux a été prélevé, puis les animaux ont été euthanasiés et ont subi une autopsie ; des échantillons ont été prélevés pour des analyses histopathologique, sérologique, d'hybridation in situ et de PCR. Aucun signe clinique ni lésion macro-ou microscopique correspondant à ceux observés chez les porcs infectés par PCV2 n'ont été détectés. Aucune présence d'acide nucléique de PCV2 n'a été détectée chez les lapins et les souris par hybridation in situ. Seule une souris inoculée par PCV1 est devenue séropositive au jour 20 post-inoculation. Les génomes de PCV1 et PCV2 ont été détectés par PCR dans le sérum de souris inoculées par chacun des circovirus, alors que les lapins sont restés négatifs pour chacun des types. Ces études indiquent que les circovirus porcins n'ont provoqué aucune maladie ou lésion microscopique chez les lapins et les souris inoculés durant toute la durée de l'expérimentation. Cependant, les souris inoculées expérimentalement pourraient avoir hébergé du virus PCV2 dans la circulation sanguine sans signe de réplication virale.lapin / souris / circovirus porcin / réaction en chaîne par polym...

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“…All PCV2-inoculated pigs developed a subclinical infection, as demonstrated by seroconversion to PCV2 and the long-term viremia at least until day 69 PI. No characteristic PMWS lesions [8,23] were found at the experimental termination day, despite the occasional presence of the viral genome in some lymphoid tissues. The only clinical evidence of the viral infection was an intermittent hyperthermia, between days 16 and 19 PI, which coincided with the onset of viremia and the highest viral load in the serum, which is in concordance with the results from other PCV2 experimental trials [7,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Main gross findings include non-collapsed lungs, and generalised lymphadenopathy. Histological characteristic lesions of PMWS consist of lymphocyte depletion and histiocytic infiltration, often with multinucleate giant cells and amphophilic intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies in lymphoid tissues [7,23]. Histological lesions are systematically associated with PCV2 antigen and/or nucleic acid [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of an effect of a commercial vaccine adjuvant on the development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in porcine circovirus type�2 (PCV2) experimentally infected conventional pigs

Resendes

Segalés

Balasch³

et al. 2004

Vet. Res.

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a commercial vaccine adjuvant on the clinical and pathological outcome of PCV2 experimentally infected 8 to 9-week-old conventional pigs. Forty-four pigs were divided into four groups: non-infected control pigs, pigs that received a vaccine adjuvant, pigs inoculated with PCV2, and pigs inoculated with PCV2 together with the vaccine adjuvant. Infection was monitored until 69 days post-inoculation (PI). Some PCV2 inoculated pigs had hyperthermia, but no other clinical signs were recorded. No characteristic PMWS gross or microscopic lesions were observed in any of the pigs. PCV2 DNA was detected in lymphoid tissues by in situ hybridisation in 6 PCV2 inoculated pigs on day 69 PI. All PCV2 inoculated pigs seroconverted between days 21 and 49 PI, shortly after viremia detection. Moreover, viremia was detected between days 7 and 69 PI using PCR. A peak of the virus load was detected by real-time quantitative PCR between days 14 and 21 PI. There were no significant differences in the proportion of PCV2 positive serum and in the viral load between PCV2 and PCV2 + adjuvant inoculated pigs. Although PMWS was not reproduced in neither PCV2 nor PCV2 + adjuvant inoculated pigs, viremia detection and seroconversion indicated that all PCV2 inoculated pigs developed a chronic long-term asymptomatic infection. An increase of PCV2 replication was not observed in pigs inoculated with the adjuvant. These results indicate that the principle of immunostimulation may not be applicable under the experimental conditions used, suggesting that not all adjuvants used in commercial vaccines are capable of triggering mechanisms for PMWS development.

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Pathological, Immunohistochemical, and In-situ Hybridization Studies of Natural Cases of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) in Pigs

Cited by 351 publications

References 0 publications

Epidemiological study on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection in the European wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Epidemiological study on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection in the European wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Experimental inoculation of porcine circoviruses type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) in rabbits and mice

Lack of an effect of a commercial vaccine adjuvant on the development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in porcine circovirus type�2 (PCV2) experimentally infected conventional pigs

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