“…Internet communities have emerged as particularly important sanctuaries for those who participate in extreme sexual deviance, like zoophilia, that ''are so objectively deviant from the standpoint of the numbers involved in them that the likelihood of a subculture developing in physical space is nearly nil'' (Jenkins and Thomas 2004:5, see also Durkin et al 2006;Jenkins 2001). Because extreme forms of deviance are generally performed in seclusion, participants often lack the support and kinship of a traditionally defined subculture (Durkin et al 2006); they tend to become increasingly withdrawn and enter into a ''self-imposed segregation'' (Tierney 2008:340). The resulting sense of social exclusion prompts many to seek validation in cyberspace from sympathetic colleagues capable of providing much needed support, reassurance, and guidance (Adler andAdler 2006, 2008;Durkin 2004;Durkin et al 2006).…”