Pathological narcissism in an eight-year-old boy: An example of Bellak's TAT and CAT diagnostic system.

Abrams, David M.

doi:10.1037/0736-9735.10.4.573

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The presence of narcissistic disturbances has been demonstrated in both children [117][118][119] and adolescents. 20,[120][121][122] In a consecutively admitted inpatient sample of adolescents, Grilo et al 20 found that 4% of the inpatients were reliably diagnosed with NPD using structured interviews.…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Narcissistic Pathology: Empirical Approaches

Levy¹,

Chauhan²,

Clarkin³

et al. 2009

Psychiatric Annals

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Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Narcissistic Pathology: Empirical Approaches

Levy¹,

Chauhan²,

Clarkin³

et al. 2009

Psychiatric Annals

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“…The number of attributions given to the characters (animals) of the story pertains to the identifying characteristics of the main hero of the story (Bellak, 1954;Bellak & Abrams, 1993). It was related to self-esteem, cohesion of the self, and the level of continuity of the self-representation over time (Abrams, 1993). Reality testing has a psychodynamic significance.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…More perceptual distortions and omissions were found in disturbed children's and adolescents' CAT and TAT stories (Leitch & Shafer, 1947;Gurevitz, 1951;Haworth, 1966). The number of characters (animals) correctly identified in the stories and the number of modified characters (animals) were considered in the literature as first face valid indexes of reality testing versus actual conflict and defenses that can be expected in manifest behavior (Shentoub, 1987;Abrams, 1993;Bellak & Abrams, 1993). Intensity and types of conflicts evoked in children is one of the classical variables already highlighted and taken into account in CAT research (Chabert, 1980;Simmonet, 1985Simmonet, , 1988Bellak & Abrams, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Intensity and types of conflicts evoked in children is one of the classical variables already highlighted and taken into account in CAT research (Chabert, 1980;Simmonet, 1985Simmonet, , 1988Bellak & Abrams, 1993). As highlighted by the psychoanalytic literature, it is funda-mental to identify drive-defense constellations expressed in a story in terms of specific conflicts, nature of anxieties, and main defenses against conflicts, anxieties, and fears (Abrams, 1993;Bellak & Abrams, 1993).…”

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The Children's Apperception Test Evaluation Form: Initial Data

et al. 2005

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Some indexes and variables of the Children's Apperception Test Evaluation Form were used to evaluate children's thematic apperception stories to Bellak's test. The protocols were scored for four indexes: (1) number of words, (2) number of characters (animals) rightly identified, (3) number of modified characters (animals), (4) number of attributions given to the characters (animals) in the stories. The form was also scored for number and types of conflicts evoked in children. Interscorer relilability coefficients were high for all the indexes and variables. The sample included 70 children ages 4.5 to 11.5 yr. The relationship between scores and age and sex was also investigated.

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“…Abrams 34 reports a single case study using the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and the Children's Apperception Test (CAT) to assess an 8-year-old boy and describes his dynamic issues. The TAT and the CAT, however, lack the rigorous empirical validity and reliability required to systematically study personality disorder, despite their rich clinical utility.…”

Section: Assessment Of Narcissistic Pathology In Children and Adolescmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cracked Mirror: Features of Narcissistic Personality Disorder in Children

Bardenstein¹

2009

Psychiatric Annals

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<P>The notion of character disorder in children remains highly controversial given unanswered questions regarding personality formation. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, personality is defined as “enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to and thinking about the environment and oneself … when they are maladaptive and inflexible, they constitute Personality Disorders.” Currently, such disorders are “generally recognized by adolescence or earlier.” DSM-IV continues, however, by emphasizing corresponding diagnoses given to children and adolescents, such as Conduct Disorder, as an earlier equivalent to Antisocial Personality Disorder. Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) has no such equivalent despite the acknowledgment that it develops earlier than 18 years. The ambivalence and ambiguity regarding personality disorder in children are further highlighted by the suggestion that one can apply the diagnosis of personality disorder to children if the traits are stable for at least 1 year and are not limited to a particular developmental stage. </P><H4>ABOUT THE AUTHOR </H4><P>Karen Kernberg Bardenstein, PhD, is with Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. </P><P>Address correspondence to: Karen Kernberg Bardenstein, PhD, 12429 Cedar Road, Suite 18, Cleveland Heights, OH 44106; or e-mail <A HREF="MAILTO:kkbard@earthlink.net">kkbard@earthlink.net</a>. </P><P>Dr. Bardenstein has disclosed no relevant financial relationships. </P>

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Pathological narcissism in an eight-year-old boy: An example of Bellak's TAT and CAT diagnostic system.

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Narcissistic Pathology: Empirical Approaches

Narcissistic Pathology: Empirical Approaches

The Children's Apperception Test Evaluation Form: Initial Data

The Cracked Mirror: Features of Narcissistic Personality Disorder in Children

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