Pathological processes in malaria

Maegraith, B. G.

doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(48)90678-6

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Albumin and immunoglobulin G indices in CSF, a measure of BBB integrity, were reported mostly within the normal range in a study on Vietnamese adults with cerebral malaria [31]. The present results support the conclusion that it is unlikely that increased cerebral capillary permeability causing brain swelling is the initial cause of coma in cerebral malaria as originally suggested by Rigdon and Maegraith in the 1940s and repeated frequently since [32–34]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Brain Swelling and Mannitol Therapy in Adult Cerebral Malaria: A Randomized Trial

Mohanty

Mishra

Patnaik

et al. 2011

Clinical Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Brain Swelling and Mannitol Therapy in Adult Cerebral Malaria: A Randomized Trial

Mohanty

Mishra

Patnaik

et al. 2011

Clinical Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several factors have been implicated in the development of CM with both host and parasite genetics considered major contributors. None of the two leading hypotheses proposed to explain CM pathogenesis; the sequestration [4] and the inflammation hypotheses [5] suggests a possible role for eosinophils and/or their secretory products. On the other hand, several cells such as red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, their ligands and receptors have all been considered potential contributors to CM pathogenesis mainly through their participation in microvascular occlusion [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms in the RNASE3 Gene Are Associated with Susceptibility to Cerebral Malaria in Ghanaian Children

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCerebral malaria (CM) is the most severe outcome of Plasmodium falciparum infection and a major cause of death in children from 2 to 4 years of age. A hospital based study in Ghana showed that P. falciparum induces eosinophilia and found a significantly higher serum level of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in CM patients than in uncomplicated malaria (UM) and severe malaria anemia (SA) patients. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been described in the ECP encoding-gene (RNASE3) of which the c.371G>C polymorphism (rs2073342) results in an arginine to threonine amino acid substitution p.R124T in the polypeptide and abolishes the cytotoxicity of ECP. The present study aimed to investigate the potential association between polymorphisms in RNASE3 and CM.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe RNASE3 gene and flanking regions were sequenced in 206 Ghanaian children enrolled in a hospital based malaria study. An association study was carried out to assess the significance of five SNPs in CM (n = 45) and SA (n = 56) cases, respectively. The two severe case groups (CM and SA) were compared with the non-severe control group comprising children suffering from UM (n = 105). The 371G allele was significantly associated with CM (p = 0.00945, OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.22–4.32) but not with SA. Linkage disequilibrium analysis demonstrated significant linkage between three SNPs and the haplotype combination 371G/*16G/*94A was strongly associated with susceptibility to CM (p = 0.000913, OR = 4.14, 95% CI = 1.79–9.56), thus, defining a risk haplotype. The RNASE3 371GG genotype was found to be under frequency-dependent selection.Conclusions/SignificanceThe 371G allele of RNASE3 is associated with susceptibility to CM and forms part of a risk associated haplotype GGA defined by the markers: rs2073342 (G-allele), rs2233860 (G-allele) and rs8019343 (A-allele) respectively. Collectively, these results suggest a hitherto unrecognized role for eosinophils in CM pathogenesis.

show abstract

“…The pathogenesis of acute renal failure in falciparum malaria has been attributed to ischaemic tubular necrosis from hypovolaemia due to vascular injury with increased vascular permeability induced by chemical mediators, including kinins, prostaglandins, histamine, leukotrienes and oxygen radicals [11][12][13]. Malarial infections often cause glomerulonephritis with deposition of immune complexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Renal Failure from Myoglobinuria Secondary to Myositis from Severe Falciparum Malaria

Sinniah

2000

Am J Nephrol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Renal disease is a common complication in malaria infection. In acute falciparum malaria renal involvement is usually mild, but in severe disease acute renal failure is a major problem. Acute renal failure has been attributed to ischaemic tubular necrosis from hypovolaemia resulting from vasodilatation due to endothelial injury. Though myositis is recorded as a common manifestation in falciparum malaria, only 1 case with myositis and myoglobinuria with acute renal failure has been documented; but no renal biopsy was performed in the patient. In the present study we examined the case of a 17-year-old man with severe falciparum malaria with myositis and myoglobinuria who developed acute renal failure requiring dialysis. Muscle biopsy revealed severe myositis with macrophages and T lymphocytes including CD4+ cells. The kidney biopsy showed scanty T cells and macrophages in the glomeruli which were only mildly hypercellular. The renal tubules showed myoglobin casts in the lumen and foci of interstitial inflammatory cells, including macrophages and T lymphocytes but no CD4+ cells. Rhabdomyolysis induced by macrophages and T cells with myoglobinuria and acute renal failure is a problem in severe falciparum malaria infection.

show abstract

Pathological processes in malaria

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Brain Swelling and Mannitol Therapy in Adult Cerebral Malaria: A Randomized Trial

Brain Swelling and Mannitol Therapy in Adult Cerebral Malaria: A Randomized Trial

Polymorphisms in the RNASE3 Gene Are Associated with Susceptibility to Cerebral Malaria in Ghanaian Children

Acute Renal Failure from Myoglobinuria Secondary to Myositis from Severe Falciparum Malaria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About