Pathological studies in broiler chicks fed aflatoxin or ochratoxin and inoculated with inclusion body hepatitis virus singly and in concurrence

Abstract

Day-old broiler chicks found negative for maternal antibodies against inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) virus by agar gel precipitation test and viral antigen in cloacal swabs by dot enzyme immunoassay were divided into 6 groups of 20 chicks each. Group A was fed aflatoxin B1 at 1.25 ppm from 3 to 38 days of age; group O was fed ochratoxin A at 0.5 ppm from 3 to 38 days of age; group V was inoculated with 1 ml of IBH virus of titre log10 6.5 EID50 per 0.2 ml. Groups AV and OV were given aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A, respectively, and also infected with the virus. Group C served as control. There was mild enlargement and paleness of the liver up to 18 days post inoculation in group V; there were no lesions in group A; and there was gradual enlargement of the kidneys from 10 days post feeding of mycotoxin onwards in group O. In the combined groups AV and OV the gross lesions were slightly more severe. In group V, varying degrees of degenerative histopathological changes, congestion and haemorrhages were seen particularly in the liver, followed by the kidneys, bursa, spleen, myocardium and lungs, along with intranuclear inclusion bodies in the hepatocytes, mostly in the early stages of infection. Similar microscopic changes, but without inclusion bodies, were seen in groups A and O and the changes were pronounced in the later stages. In group O, the kidney lesions were more pronounced than the liver lesions. In the concurrently infected groups, AV and OV, the changes were similar but slightly more marked than in the corresponding individual groups. Inclusion bodies in hepatocytes were more frequent, more prominent and appeared earlier in the concurrent groups.

Individual and combined effects of ochratoxin A andSalmonella entericaserovar Gallinarum infection on pathological changes in broiler chickens

“…The changes in the liver and kidneys of broiler chicks fed OA in the present study are similar to those reported by Huff et al (1974Huff et al ( , 1975, Prior et al (1976), Dwivedi & Burns (1984a), Mohiuddin et al (1992) and Sandhu et al (1995). Gross and histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys recorded following S. Gallinarum infection were also similar to those reported by Chishti et al (1985), Kaushik et al (1986), Sandhu et al (1987), Kokosharov et al (1997), and Deshmukh et al (2005) in the liver and/or kidney of birds affected naturally or experimentally with S. Gallinarum.…”

“…OA may increase the severity and/or frequency of secondary infections in birds (Elissalde et al, 1994;Sandhu et al, 1995;Fukata et al, 1996;Koynarski et al, 2007). Elissalde et al (1994) fed 3 parts/10 6 OA to broiler chickens and inoculated them with Salmonella Typhimurium.…”

Pathological changes in broiler chickens fed ochratoxin A and inoculated withEscherichia coli

“…The severity of these lesions in both organs in the combination group was more than those in either group, suggesting an additive effect of OA and E. coli. Sandhu et al (1995) also reported that pathological changes in liver and kidneys of chicks receiving OA and IBH virus were more severe than the chicks given OA or IBH virus alone.…”

Ochratoxin A Toxic Effect on Rat Kidneys and the Potential Protective Effect of Ginseng: Histopathologic, Histochemical, and Image Analysis Morphometric Studies

“…Dwivedi and Burns [47] noticed enzymatic inhibition of glycogenolysis in ochratoxin toxicosis and this could be due to excess glycogen observed in the kidney of rat. According to Sandhu et al [48], the treatment of chicks with OA led to increase in mucopolysaccharides (MPS) in liver and kidney tissues. Increase in glycogen content was noticed after treatment with ginseng and OA at different durations in comparison with OA alone.…”